CWE-284
Weakness DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
Technical nuance
Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as:
Authentication (proving the identity of an actor)
Authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and
Accountability (tracking of activities that were performed)
There are two distinct behaviors that can introduce access control weaknesses:
Specification: incorrect privileges, permissions, ownership, etc. are explicitly specified for either the user or the resource (for example, setting a password file to be world-writable, or giving administrator capabilities to a guest user). This action could be performed by the program or the administrator.
Enforcement: the mechanism contains errors that prevent it from properly enforcing the specified access control requirements (e.g., allowing the user to specify their own privileges, or allowing a syntactically-incorrect ACL to produce insecure settings). This problem occurs within the program itself, in that it does not actually enforce the intended security policy that the administrator specifies.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Improper
- Behavior-Type: Access Control
Mapping guidance
CWE-284 is extremely high-level, a Pillar. Its name, "Improper Access Control," is often misused in low-information vulnerability reports [REF-1287] or by active use of the OWASP Top Ten, such as "A01:2021-Broken Access Control". It is not useful for trend analysis.
Consider using descendants-284 that are more specific to the kind of access control involved.
Modes of introduction
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Notes
Maintenance
This entry needs more work. Possible sub-categories include:
Trusted group includes undesired entities (partially covered by CWE-286)
Group can perform undesired actions
ACL parse error does not fail closed
Content history
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Changed name and description; clarified difference between "access control" and "authorization."
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11538 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QW85-V7VC-94P8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 21:32 – Updated: 2026-09-15 21:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Folders, Files & Attachments). The supported version that is affected is 9.3.6. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Agile PLM. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Agile PLM, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Agile PLM accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Agile PLM accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.6 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-87258"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T20:19:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile PLM product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Folders, Files \u0026 Attachments). The supported version that is affected is 9.3.6. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Agile PLM. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Agile PLM, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Agile PLM accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Agile PLM accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.6 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-qw85-v7vc-94p8",
"modified": "2026-09-15T21:32:59Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T21:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-87258"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspusep2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QW8R-6Q92-C4G3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-30 06:32 – Updated: 2026-07-30 15:31The Easy Appointments WordPress plugin through 3.12.26 does not perform capability checks in several of its appointment-management actions, relying only on a nonce that any authenticated user can obtain, allowing users with contributor-level access to read all customers' appointment details and to create, modify, and delete bookings.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14221"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-30T06:24:59Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The Easy Appointments WordPress plugin through 3.12.26 does not perform capability checks in several of its appointment-management actions, relying only on a nonce that any authenticated user can obtain, allowing users with contributor-level access to read all customers\u0027 appointment details and to create, modify, and delete bookings.",
"id": "GHSA-qw8r-6q92-c4g3",
"modified": "2026-07-30T15:31:47Z",
"published": "2026-07-30T06:32:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/0ab7d35e-4552-4da0-857e-7fb56e576494"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QW99-GRCX-4PVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 17:09 – Updated: 2026-03-06 00:58Summary
The Chrome extension relay (ensureChromeExtensionRelayServer) previously treated wildcard hosts (0.0.0.0 / ::) as loopback, which could make it bind the relay HTTP/WS server to all interfaces when a wildcard cdpUrl was passed.
Impact
If configured with a wildcard cdpUrl, relay HTTP endpoints could become reachable off-host, leaking service presence/port and enabling DoS/brute-force traffic against the relay token header.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Affected:
>= 2026.1.14-1 < 2026.2.12
Fixed Versions
- Patched:
>= 2026.2.12(released 2026-02-13)
Fix Commit(s)
- 8d75a496bf5aaab1755c56cf48502d967c75a1d0
Notes
- Earlier hardening for
/json*auth and/cdptoken checks landed in: - a1e89afcc19efd641c02b24d66d689f181ae2b5c
Thanks @qi-scape for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2026.1.14-1"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28395"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1327",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-17T17:09:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T22:16:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\nThe Chrome extension relay (`ensureChromeExtensionRelayServer`) previously treated wildcard hosts (`0.0.0.0` / `::`) as loopback, which could make it bind the relay HTTP/WS server to all interfaces when a wildcard `cdpUrl` was passed.\n\n## Impact\nIf configured with a wildcard `cdpUrl`, relay HTTP endpoints could become reachable off-host, leaking service presence/port and enabling DoS/brute-force traffic against the relay token header.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003e= 2026.1.14-1 \u003c 2026.2.12`\n\n## Fixed Versions\n- Patched: `\u003e= 2026.2.12` (released 2026-02-13)\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- 8d75a496bf5aaab1755c56cf48502d967c75a1d0\n\n## Notes\n- Earlier hardening for `/json*` auth and `/cdp` token checks landed in:\n - a1e89afcc19efd641c02b24d66d689f181ae2b5c\n\nThanks @qi-scape for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-qw99-grcx-4pvm",
"modified": "2026-03-06T00:58:28Z",
"published": "2026-02-17T17:09:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qw99-grcx-4pvm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/8d75a496bf5aaab1755c56cf48502d967c75a1d0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a1e89afcc19efd641c02b24d66d689f181ae2b5c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.2.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-unintended-public-binding-of-chrome-extension-relay-via-wildcard-cdpurl"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s Chrome extension relay binds publicly due to wildcard treated as loopback"
}
GHSA-QWC3-P5PC-Q93H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:51 – Updated: 2025-03-13 19:05The Monitoring plugin before 1.53.0 for Jenkins allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by accessing unspecified pages.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jvnet.hudson.plugins:monitoring"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.53.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-3679"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-13T19:05:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-16T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Monitoring plugin before 1.53.0 for Jenkins allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information by accessing unspecified pages.",
"id": "GHSA-qwc3-p5pc-q93h",
"modified": "2025-03-13T19:05:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:51:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3679"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/monitoring-plugin/commit/f0f6aeef2032696c97d4b015dd51fa2b841b0473"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/monitoring-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Monitoring"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/SECURITY/Jenkins+Security+Advisory+2014-10-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Monitoring Plugin Reveals Sensitive Information via Unspecified Pages"
}
GHSA-QWFG-245C-X3F2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-10-11 19:00A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Web-Based Student Clearance System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file edit-photo.php of the component Photo Handler. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-210367.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-266",
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-09T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in SourceCodester Web-Based Student Clearance System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file edit-photo.php of the component Photo Handler. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be launched remotely. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-210367.",
"id": "GHSA-qwfg-245c-x3f2",
"modified": "2022-10-11T19:00:27Z",
"published": "2022-10-10T00:00:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.210367"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176007/Online-Student-Clearance-System-1.0-Shell-Upload.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWFH-Q845-FHM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-19 00:01The public API error causes for the attacker to be able to bypass API access control.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-11T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The public API error causes for the attacker to be able to bypass API access control.",
"id": "GHSA-qwfh-q845-fhm2",
"modified": "2022-03-19T00:01:12Z",
"published": "2022-03-12T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lgsecurity.lge.com/bulletins/tv"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWJC-72WW-H64X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-26 09:31 – Updated: 2026-10-26 12:32The Mintpay for WooCommerce WordPress plugin through 2.2.3 does not verify the authenticity of the payment callback it processes, allowing unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary orders as paid, to cancel arbitrary orders, and to disclose order details including customer contact information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-103381"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-26T07:17:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Mintpay for WooCommerce WordPress plugin through 2.2.3 does not verify the authenticity of the payment callback it processes, allowing unauthenticated attackers to mark arbitrary orders as paid, to cancel arbitrary orders, and to disclose order details including customer contact information.",
"id": "GHSA-qwjc-72ww-h64x",
"modified": "2026-10-26T12:32:29Z",
"published": "2026-10-26T09:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-103381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/593fa052-8917-416c-944b-11b890c9ab50"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWJF-XP92-X8H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-21 00:32 – Updated: 2026-10-21 00:32Vulnerability in the MySQL Server, MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: XML). Supported versions that are affected are MySQL Server: 8.4.0-8.4.12, 9.7.0-9.7.3, 26.7.0-26.7.1; MySQL Cluster: 8.0.0-8.0.49, 8.4.0-8.4.12, 9.7.0-9.7.3 and 26.7.0-26.7.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server, MySQL Cluster. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server, MySQL Cluster. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-101794"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-20T22:18:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server, MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: XML). Supported versions that are affected are MySQL Server: 8.4.0-8.4.12, 9.7.0-9.7.3, 26.7.0-26.7.1; MySQL Cluster: 8.0.0-8.0.49, 8.4.0-8.4.12, 9.7.0-9.7.3 and 26.7.0-26.7.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server, MySQL Cluster. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server, MySQL Cluster. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-qwjf-xp92-x8h9",
"modified": "2026-10-21T00:32:32Z",
"published": "2026-10-21T00:32:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-101794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWJH-6R3X-RH3R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Telecommunications Billing Integrator product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Telecommunications Billing Integrator. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Telecommunications Billing Integrator accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Telecommunications Billing Integrator accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60953"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Telecommunications Billing Integrator product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Telecommunications Billing Integrator. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Telecommunications Billing Integrator accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Telecommunications Billing Integrator accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-qwjh-6r3x-rh3r",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:08Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QWJQ-CPRG-RRCP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-27 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36In the Drupal 7 Internationalization (i18n) module, the i18n_node submodule allows a user with both "Translate content" and "Administer content translations" permissions to view and attach unpublished nodes via the translation UI and its autocomplete widget. This bypasses intended access controls and discloses unpublished node titles and IDs.
Exploit affects versions 7.x-1.0 up to and including 7.x-1.35.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-26T22:16:27Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Drupal 7 Internationalization (i18n) module, the i18n_node submodule allows a user with both \"Translate content\" and \"Administer content translations\" permissions to view and attach unpublished nodes via the translation UI and its autocomplete widget. This bypasses intended access controls and discloses unpublished node titles and IDs. \n\nExploit affects versions 7.x-1.0 up to and including 7.x-1.35.",
"id": "GHSA-qwjq-cprg-rrcp",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:32Z",
"published": "2026-03-27T00:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://d7es.tag1.com/node/86"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.herodevs.com/vulnerability-directory/cve-2026-0748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.herodevs.com/vulnerability-directory/cve-2026-0748?nes-for-drupal-7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.