CWE-284
Weakness DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
Technical nuance
Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as:
Authentication (proving the identity of an actor)
Authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and
Accountability (tracking of activities that were performed)
There are two distinct behaviors that can introduce access control weaknesses:
Specification: incorrect privileges, permissions, ownership, etc. are explicitly specified for either the user or the resource (for example, setting a password file to be world-writable, or giving administrator capabilities to a guest user). This action could be performed by the program or the administrator.
Enforcement: the mechanism contains errors that prevent it from properly enforcing the specified access control requirements (e.g., allowing the user to specify their own privileges, or allowing a syntactically-incorrect ACL to produce insecure settings). This problem occurs within the program itself, in that it does not actually enforce the intended security policy that the administrator specifies.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Improper
- Behavior-Type: Access Control
Mapping guidance
CWE-284 is extremely high-level, a Pillar. Its name, "Improper Access Control," is often misused in low-information vulnerability reports [REF-1287] or by active use of the OWASP Top Ten, such as "A01:2021-Broken Access Control". It is not useful for trend analysis.
Consider using descendants-284 that are more specific to the kind of access control involved.
Modes of introduction
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Notes
Maintenance
This entry needs more work. Possible sub-categories include:
Trusted group includes undesired entities (partially covered by CWE-286)
Group can perform undesired actions
ACL parse error does not fail closed
Content history
updated Time_of_Introduction
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updated References, Taxonomy_Mappings
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Changed name and description; clarified difference between "access control" and "authorization."
updated Alternate_Terms, Background_Details, Description, Maintenance_Notes, Name, Relationships
updated Common_Consequences
updated Common_Consequences
updated References, Relationships
updated Potential_Mitigations
updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
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updated Affected_Resources, Modes_of_Introduction, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships
updated References, Relationships
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, Type
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updated Applicable_Platforms, Description, Observed_Examples, Relationships
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updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Mapping_Notes, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
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updated Common_Consequences, Description, Dimensions, Relationships, Technical_Nuance
11538 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QQF5-FJ2X-FHW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-15 21:31Vulnerability in the Siebel CRM Deployment product of Oracle Siebel CRM (component: Installation). Supported versions that are affected are 17.0-26.7. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Siebel CRM Deployment executes to compromise Siebel CRM Deployment. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Siebel CRM Deployment. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-82992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T20:18:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Siebel CRM Deployment product of Oracle Siebel CRM (component: Installation). Supported versions that are affected are 17.0-26.7. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Siebel CRM Deployment executes to compromise Siebel CRM Deployment. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Siebel CRM Deployment. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-qqf5-fj2x-fhw2",
"modified": "2026-09-15T21:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T21:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-82992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspusep2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQFR-4WHF-57GF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:34 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:34Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Analytics (component: Platform Security). The supported version that is affected is 26.01.0.0.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.0 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-71122"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:18:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Analytics (component: Platform Security). The supported version that is affected is 26.01.0.0.0. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.0 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-qqfr-4whf-57gf",
"modified": "2026-08-18T21:34:04Z",
"published": "2026-08-18T21:34:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-71122"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQGV-V353-CV8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-23 00:31 – Updated: 2026-01-23 20:15Gitea does not properly validate ownership when toggling OpenID URI visibility. An authenticated user may be able to change the visibility settings of other users' OpenID identities.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.25.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20904"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-23T20:15:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-22T22:16:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Gitea does not properly validate ownership when toggling OpenID URI visibility. An authenticated user may be able to change the visibility settings of other users\u0027 OpenID identities.",
"id": "GHSA-qqgv-v353-cv8p",
"modified": "2026-01-23T20:15:01Z",
"published": "2026-01-23T00:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20904"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36346"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/commit/ed5720af2ac94d74f822721c05b42b6148ff9c22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.25.4"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Gitea does not properly validate ownership when toggling OpenID URI visibility"
}
GHSA-QQH6-Q4CQ-FV8R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:30Improper access control in Microsoft Kinect allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41092"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T17:17:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Microsoft Kinect allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-qqh6-q4cq-fv8r",
"modified": "2026-06-09T18:30:42Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T18:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-41092"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQJ4-W228-MHPR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-15 21:32 – Updated: 2026-09-15 21:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Product Hub product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Item Catalog). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Product Hub. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Product Hub, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Product Hub accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.7 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-83487"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-15T20:18:56Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Product Hub product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Item Catalog). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Product Hub. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Product Hub, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Product Hub accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.7 (Confidentiality impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-qqj4-w228-mhpr",
"modified": "2026-09-15T21:32:43Z",
"published": "2026-09-15T21:32:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-83487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspusep2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQMP-9RJJ-FM2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:36 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:36Adobe Reader and Acrobat before 11.0.16, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 15.006.30172, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 15.016.20039 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-1038, CVE-2016-1039, CVE-2016-1040, CVE-2016-1041, CVE-2016-1044, CVE-2016-1062, and CVE-2016-1117.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1042"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-05-11T10:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Reader and Acrobat before 11.0.16, Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Classic before 15.006.30172, and Acrobat and Acrobat Reader DC Continuous before 15.016.20039 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass JavaScript API execution restrictions via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-1038, CVE-2016-1039, CVE-2016-1040, CVE-2016-1041, CVE-2016-1044, CVE-2016-1062, and CVE-2016-1117.",
"id": "GHSA-qqmp-9rjj-fm2w",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:36:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:36:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1042"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb16-14.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/90517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035828"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-16-287"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQQR-MR9W-65GW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools product of Oracle JD Edwards (component: Enterprise Infrastructure Security). Supported versions that are affected are 9.2.0.0-9.2.26.2. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via JDENET to compromise JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46904"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:54:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools product of Oracle JD Edwards (component: Enterprise Infrastructure Security). Supported versions that are affected are 9.2.0.0-9.2.26.2. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via JDENET to compromise JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-qqqr-mr9w-65gw",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:36Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46904"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQW3-4949-HHRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Time and Labor product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Time and Labor. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Time and Labor accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Time and Labor accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62494"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:19:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Time and Labor product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Time and Labor. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Time and Labor accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Time and Labor accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-qqw3-4949-hhrr",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:31Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QQXW-WJC4-F4PJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:32An issue was discovered in Stormshield Network Security (SNS) 4.0.0 through 4.3.25, 4.4.0 through 4.7.5, and 4.8.0. Certain manipulations allow restarting in single-user mode despite the activation of secure boot. The following versions fix this: 4.3.27, 4.7.6, and 4.8.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37386"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T19:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Stormshield Network Security (SNS) 4.0.0 through 4.3.25, 4.4.0 through 4.7.5, and 4.8.0. Certain manipulations allow restarting in single-user mode despite the activation of secure boot. The following versions fix this: 4.3.27, 4.7.6, and 4.8.1.",
"id": "GHSA-qqxw-wjc4-f4pj",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:32:00Z",
"published": "2024-07-15T21:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisories.stormshield.eu/2024-017"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QR2C-96XP-P8JC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-06 09:31 – Updated: 2023-04-17 15:30Dell Trusted Device Agent, versions prior to 5.3.0, contain(s) an improper installation permissions vulnerability. An unauthenticated local attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to escalated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25542"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-276",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-06T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell Trusted Device Agent, versions prior to 5.3.0, contain(s) an improper installation permissions vulnerability. An unauthenticated local attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to escalated privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-qr2c-96xp-p8jc",
"modified": "2023-04-17T15:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-04-06T09:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000209461/dsa-2023-074"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.