Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7801 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-20335 (GCVE-0-2025-20335)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 17:41 – Updated: 2025-09-03 17:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Desk Phone 9800 Series, IP Phone 7800 and 8800 Series, and Video Phone 8875 with SIP Firmware Information Arbitrary File Write Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the directory permissions of Cisco Desk Phone 9800 Series, Cisco IP Phone 7800 and 8800 Series, and Cisco Video Phone 8875 could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to write arbitrary files on an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to a lack of proper authentication controls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to perform arbitrary file writes to specific directories in the underlying operating system.
Note: To exploit this vulnerability, Web Access must be enabled on the phone. Web Access is disabled by default.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Software |
Affected:
12.1(1)SR1
Affected: 11.5(1) Affected: 10.3(2) Affected: 10.2(2) Affected: 10.3(1) Affected: 10.3(1)SR4 Affected: 11.0(1) Affected: 10.4(1)SR2 3rd Party Affected: 11.7(1) Affected: 12.1(1) Affected: 11.0(0.7) MPP Affected: 9.3(4) 3rd Party Affected: 12.5(1)SR2 Affected: 10.2(1)SR1 Affected: 9.3(4)SR3 3rd Party Affected: 10.2(1) Affected: 12.5(1) Affected: 10.3(1)SR2 Affected: 11-0-1MSR1-1 Affected: 10.4(1) 3rd Party Affected: 12.5(1)SR1 Affected: 11.5(1)SR1 Affected: 10.1(1)SR2 Affected: 12.0(1)SR2 Affected: 12.6(1) Affected: 10.3(1.11) 3rd Party Affected: 12.0(1) Affected: 12.0(1)SR1 Affected: 9.3(3) Affected: 12.5(1)SR3 Affected: 10.3(1)SR4b Affected: 9.3(4)SR1 3rd Party Affected: 10.3(1)SR5 Affected: 10.1(1.9) Affected: 10.3(1.9) 3rd Party Affected: 9.3(4)SR2 3rd Party Affected: 10.3(1)SR1 Affected: 10.3(1)SR3 Affected: 10.1(1)SR1 Affected: 12.0(1)SR3 Affected: 12.6(1)SR1 Affected: 12.7(1) Affected: 10.3(1)SR6 Affected: 12.8(1) Affected: 12.7(1)SR1 Affected: 11.0(2)SR1 Affected: 11.0(4) Affected: 11.0(2) Affected: 11.0(4)SR3 Affected: 11.0(5) Affected: 11.0(3)SR2 Affected: 11.0(3)SR4 Affected: 11.0(3)SR3 Affected: 11.0(2)SR2 Affected: 11.0(4)SR1 Affected: 11.0(5)SR3 Affected: 11.0(3) Affected: 11.0(5)SR2 Affected: 11.0(3)SR6 Affected: 11.0(5)SR1 Affected: 11.0(4)SR2 Affected: 11.0(3)SR1 Affected: 11.0(3)SR5 Affected: 11.0(6) Affected: 12.8(1)SR1 Affected: 12.8(1)SR2 Affected: 14.0(1) Affected: 14.0(1)SR1 Affected: 11.0(6)SR1 Affected: 10.3(1)SR7 Affected: 14.0(1)SR2 Affected: 14.1(1) Affected: 14.0(1)SR3 Affected: 11.0(6)SR2 Affected: 14.1(1)SR1 Affected: 14.1(1)SR2 Affected: 11.0(6)SR4 Affected: 14.2(1) Affected: 14.2(1)SR1 Affected: 11.0(6)SR5 Affected: 14.1(1)SR3 Affected: 14.2(1)SR2 Affected: 3.1(1) Affected: 3.0(1) Affected: 2.3(1) Affected: 2.3(1)SR1 Affected: 2.2(1) Affected: 2.1(1) Affected: 2.0(1) Affected: 14.2(1)SR3 Affected: 3.1(1)SR1 Affected: 14.3(1) Affected: 3.2(1) Affected: 14.3(1)SR1 Affected: 14.2(1)SR4 Affected: 11.0(6)SR6 |
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"version": "11.0(4)SR2"
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"version": "11.0(3)SR5"
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"version": "11.0(6)"
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"version": "12.8(1)SR1"
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{
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"version": "12.8(1)SR2"
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"version": "14.0(1)"
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"version": "14.0(1)SR1"
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"version": "11.0(6)SR1"
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CVE-2025-20324 (GCVE-0-2025-20324)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-07 17:48 – Updated: 2025-07-08 13:36
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Access Control in System Source Types Configuration in Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.2, 9.3.5, 9.2.7, and 9.1.10 and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2411.104, 9.3.2408.113, and 9.2.2406.119, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could create or overwrite [system source type](https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/get-started/get-data-in/9.2/configure-source-types/create-source-types) configurations by sending a specially-crafted payload to the `/servicesNS/nobody/search/admin/sourcetypes/` REST endpoint on the Splunk management port.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
9.4 , < 9.4.2
(custom)
Affected: 9.3 , < 9.3.5 (custom) Affected: 9.2 , < 9.2.7 (custom) Affected: 9.1 , < 9.1.10 (custom) |
|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise Cloud |
Affected:
9.3.2411 , < 9.3.2411.104
(custom)
Affected: 9.3.2408 , < 9.3.2408.113 (custom) Affected: 9.2.2406 , < 9.2.2406.119 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-07-07 00:00
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CVE-2025-20323 (GCVE-0-2025-20323)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-07 17:48 – Updated: 2025-07-07 18:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing Access Control of Saved Searches in the Splunk Archiver app
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.3, 9.3.5, 9.2.7, and 9.1.10, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could turn off the scheduled search `Bucket Copy Trigger` within the Splunk Archiver application. This is because of missing access controls in the saved searches for this app.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
9.4 , < 9.4.3
(custom)
Affected: 9.3 , < 9.3.5 (custom) Affected: 9.2 , < 9.2.7 (custom) Affected: 9.1 , < 9.1.10 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-07-07 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-20316 (GCVE-0-2025-20316)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-24 17:16 – Updated: 2025-09-24 17:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the access control list (ACL) programming of Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco Catalyst 9500X and 9600X Series Switches could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass a configured ACL on an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to the flooding of traffic from an unlearned MAC address on a switch virtual interface (SVI) that has an egress ACL applied. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by causing the VLAN to flush its MAC address table. This condition can also occur if the MAC address table is full. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass an egress ACL on an affected device.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco IOS XE Software |
Affected:
17.7.1
Affected: 17.10.1 Affected: 17.10.1b Affected: 17.8.1 Affected: 17.9.1 Affected: 17.9.2 Affected: 17.9.3 Affected: 17.9.4 Affected: 17.9.5 Affected: 17.9.4a Affected: 17.9.6 Affected: 17.9.6a Affected: 17.9.7 Affected: 17.11.1 Affected: 17.12.1 Affected: 17.12.2 Affected: 17.12.3 Affected: 17.12.4 Affected: 17.12.5 Affected: 17.13.1 Affected: 17.14.1 Affected: 17.15.1 Affected: 17.15.2 Affected: 17.15.3 Affected: 17.15.2b Affected: 17.16.1 Affected: 17.17.1 |
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CVE-2025-20242 (GCVE-0-2025-20242)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-21 16:35 – Updated: 2025-05-21 19:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the Cloud Connect component of Cisco Unified Contact Center Enterprise (CCE) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read and modify data on an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to a lack of proper authentication controls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted TCP data to a specific port on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read or modify data on the affected device.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Contact Center Enterprise |
Affected:
N/A
|
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CVE-2025-20230 (GCVE-0-2025-20230)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-26 22:24 – Updated: 2025-03-27 13:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing Access Control and Incorrect Ownership of Data in App Key Value Store (KVStore) collections in the Splunk Secure Gateway App
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.1, 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8, and versions below 3.8.38 and 3.7.23 of the Splunk Secure Gateway app on Splunk Cloud Platform, a low-privileged user that does not hold the “admin“ or “power“ Splunk roles could edit and delete other user data in App Key Value Store (KVStore) collections that the Splunk Secure Gateway app created. This is due to missing access control and incorrect ownership of the data in those KVStore collections.<br><br>In the affected versions, the `nobody` user owned the data in the KVStore collections. This meant that there was no specific owner assigned to the data in those collections.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
9.4 , < 9.4.1
(custom)
Affected: 9.3 , < 9.3.3 (custom) Affected: 9.2 , < 9.2.5 (custom) Affected: 9.1 , < 9.1.8 (custom) |
|
| Splunk | Splunk Secure Gateway |
Affected:
3.8 , < 3.8.38
(custom)
Affected: 3.7 , < 3.7.23 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-03-26 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-20229 (GCVE-0-2025-20229)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-26 22:05 – Updated: 2026-02-26 19:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution through file upload to “$SPLUNK_HOME/var/run/splunk/apptemp“ directory in Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2408.104, 9.2.2406.108, 9.2.2403.114, and 9.1.2312.208, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could perform a Remote Code Execution (RCE) through a file upload to the "$SPLUNK_HOME/var/run/splunk/apptemp" directory due to missing authorization checks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
9.4 , < 9.4.0
(custom)
Affected: 9.3 , < 9.3.3 (custom) Affected: 9.2 , < 9.2.5 (custom) Affected: 9.1 , < 9.1.8 (custom) |
|
| Splunk | Splunk Cloud Platform |
Affected:
9.3.2408 , < 9.3.2408.104
(custom)
Affected: 9.2.2406 , < 9.2.2406.108 (custom) Affected: 9.2.2403 , < 9.2.2403.114 (custom) Affected: 9.1.2312 , < 9.1.2312.208 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-03-26 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-20223 (GCVE-0-2025-20223)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 17:37 – Updated: 2025-05-07 19:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Catalyst Center, formerly Cisco DNA Center, could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read and modify data in a repository that belongs to an internal service of an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient enforcement of access control on HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted HTTP request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read and modify data that is handled by an internal service on the affected device.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Digital Network Architecture Center (DNA Center) |
Affected:
N/A
|
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CVE-2025-20219 (GCVE-0-2025-20219)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 16:28 – Updated: 2025-08-14 20:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance and Secure Firewall Threat Defense Software Access Control Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the implementation of access control rules for loopback interfaces in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send traffic that should have been blocked to a loopback interface.
This vulnerability is due to improper enforcement of access control rules for loopback interfaces. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending traffic to a loopback interface on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass configured access control rules and send traffic that should have been blocked to a loopback interface on the device.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software |
Affected:
9.18.2
Affected: 9.18.2.5 Affected: 9.18.2.7 Affected: 9.19.1 Affected: 9.18.2.8 Affected: 9.18.3 Affected: 9.19.1.5 Affected: 9.19.1.9 Affected: 9.18.3.39 Affected: 9.19.1.12 Affected: 9.18.3.46 Affected: 9.19.1.18 Affected: 9.18.3.53 Affected: 9.18.3.55 Affected: 9.18.3.56 Affected: 9.20.1 Affected: 9.19.1.22 Affected: 9.18.4 Affected: 9.20.1.5 Affected: 9.18.4.5 Affected: 9.19.1.24 Affected: 9.18.4.8 Affected: 9.20.2 Affected: 9.19.1.27 Affected: 9.18.4.22 Affected: 9.20.2.10 Affected: 9.19.1.28 Affected: 9.18.4.24 Affected: 9.20.2.21 Affected: 9.19.1.31 Affected: 9.18.4.29 Affected: 9.20.2.22 Affected: 9.18.4.34 Affected: 9.20.3 Affected: 9.18.4.40 Affected: 9.22.1.1 Affected: 9.20.3.4 Affected: 9.18.4.47 Affected: 9.20.3.7 Affected: 9.19.1.37 Affected: 9.20.3.9 Affected: 9.19.1.38 Affected: 9.18.4.50 Affected: 9.22.1.2 |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Software |
Affected:
7.3.0
Affected: 7.3.1 Affected: 7.3.1.1 Affected: 7.4.0 Affected: 7.4.1 Affected: 7.4.1.1 Affected: 7.3.1.2 Affected: 7.6.0 Affected: 7.4.2 Affected: 7.4.2.1 |
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CVE-2025-20190 (GCVE-0-2025-20190)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-07 17:34 – Updated: 2025-05-07 19:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in the lobby ambassador web interface of Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to remove arbitrary users that are defined on an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient access control of actions executed by lobby ambassador users. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in to an affected device with a lobby ambassador user account and sending crafted HTTP requests to the API. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary user accounts on the device, including users with administrative privileges.
Note: This vulnerability is exploitable only if the attacker obtains the credentials for a lobby ambassador account. This account is not configured by default.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-284 - Improper Access Control
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco IOS XE Software |
Affected:
17.6.8
Affected: 17.9.6 Affected: 17.9.6a Affected: 17.12.1z2 Affected: 17.12.1z3 Affected: 17.15.1 Affected: 17.15.1x |
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],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability in the lobby ambassador web interface of Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to remove arbitrary users that are defined on an affected device.\r\n\r This vulnerability is due to insufficient access control of actions executed by lobby ambassador users. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in to an affected device with a lobby ambassador user account and sending crafted HTTP requests to the API. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary user accounts on the device, including users with administrative privileges.\r\n\r Note: This vulnerability is exploitable only if the attacker obtains the credentials for a lobby ambassador account. This account is not configured by default."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "cvssV3_1"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-284",
"description": "Improper Access Control",
"lang": "en",
"type": "cwe"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-07T17:34:54.487Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "cisco-sa-ewlc-user-del-hQxMpUDj",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ewlc-user-del-hQxMpUDj"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-ewlc-user-del-hQxMpUDj",
"defects": [
"CSCwm35433"
],
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-20190",
"datePublished": "2025-05-07T17:34:54.487Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-10-10T19:15:13.226Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-07T19:45:20.972Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design
Operation
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.