CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8100 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HWJQ-92V5-3F42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:23 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:23Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Customer Interaction History component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.1 through 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-5591 and CVE-2016-5593.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-5587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-10-25T14:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Customer Interaction History component in Oracle E-Business Suite 12.1.1 through 12.1.3, 12.2.3, and 12.2.4 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via unknown vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-5591 and CVE-2016-5593.",
"id": "GHSA-hwjq-92v5-3f42",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:23:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:23:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-5587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037038"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HWM7-7GX2-6GR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:10 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:10The Telephony component in Apple iOS before 8.3 allows attackers to bypass a sandbox protection mechanism and access unintended telephone capabilities via a crafted app.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-1115"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-04-10T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Telephony component in Apple iOS before 8.3 allows attackers to bypass a sandbox protection mechanism and access unintended telephone capabilities via a crafted app.",
"id": "GHSA-hwm7-7gx2-6gr2",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:10:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:10:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-1115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT204661"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2015/Apr/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/73978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032050"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HWMW-5R2X-M46G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Product Hub product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Product Hub. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Product Hub, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Product Hub. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61312"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:59Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Product Hub product of Oracle E-Business Suite (component: Internal Operations). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.3-12.2.15. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Product Hub. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Product Hub, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Product Hub. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-hwmw-5r2x-m46g",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:27Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HWP6-7VR8-HR77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Document Management). The supported version that is affected is 6.2.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management executes to compromise Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.4 (Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management product of Oracle Supply Chain (component: Document Management). The supported version that is affected is 6.2.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management executes to compromise Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Agile Engineering Data Management. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.4 (Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L).",
"id": "GHSA-hwp6-7vr8-hr77",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:22Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HWRQ-8WXH-Q4XV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 20:02 – Updated: 2026-07-14 20:02Summary
Anyquery's server mode does not restrict outbound HTTP requests initiated by its built-in SQLite virtual table modules (e.g., json_reader, log_reader). Unauthenticated attackers connecting to the MySQL-compatible server port can create virtual tables pointing to internal network endpoints or Cloud Metadata IPs (e.g., http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/). This allows attackers to perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), bypassing external firewalls to scan internal ports and exfiltrate cloud credentials.
Details
When Anyquery is launched in Server Mode (anyquery server), it binds to a TCP port and accepts MySQL protocol connections. The server handler allows the creation of dynamic virtual tables using modules like json_reader or log_reader, which internally use go-getter to fetch URLs. There is no protection mechanism to prevent fetches to local (127.0.0.0/8), private (10.0.0.0/8), or special (169.254.169.254) IP addresses.
An attacker can use this to map internal networks, interact with internal APIs, or steal IAM tokens from cloud metadata servers by fetching the data and reading it as a database table.
PoC (Proof of Concept)
- Start the server on the victim machine (e.g., an AWS EC2 instance):
bash anyquery server --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8070 - Connect from an attacker machine:
bash mysql -u root -h <VICTIM_IP> -P 8070 - Execute the payload to fetch AWS Metadata or hit a local API: ```sql -- Payload 1: Fetch AWS Cloud Metadata (IAM credentials) CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE aws_meta USING log_reader('http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/'); SELECT * FROM aws_meta;
-- Payload 2: Access an internal application bound only to localhost CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE local_admin USING log_reader('http://localhost:8000/admin'); SELECT * FROM local_admin LIMIT 10; ```
Impact
- Confidentiality: High. Exfiltration of sensitive internal network data or cloud credentials.
- Integrity: Low. Possible interaction with state-changing internal REST APIs.
- Availability: None.
- CVSS Score: 8.6 (High) -
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Remediation
By default, in Server Mode, remote HTTP fetches to local/private IP ranges and known Cloud Metadata IP addresses should be blocked unless explicitly enabled via configuration.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 0.4.5"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/julien040/anyquery"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-54628"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-441",
"CWE-862",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-14T20:02:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\nAnyquery\u0027s `server` mode does not restrict outbound HTTP requests initiated by its built-in SQLite virtual table modules (e.g., `json_reader`, `log_reader`). Unauthenticated attackers connecting to the MySQL-compatible server port can create virtual tables pointing to internal network endpoints or Cloud Metadata IPs (e.g., `http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/`). This allows attackers to perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), bypassing external firewalls to scan internal ports and exfiltrate cloud credentials.\n\n## Details\nWhen Anyquery is launched in **Server Mode** (`anyquery server`), it binds to a TCP port and accepts MySQL protocol connections. The server handler allows the creation of dynamic virtual tables using modules like `json_reader` or `log_reader`, which internally use `go-getter` to fetch URLs. There is no protection mechanism to prevent fetches to local (127.0.0.0/8), private (10.0.0.0/8), or special (169.254.169.254) IP addresses. \n\nAn attacker can use this to map internal networks, interact with internal APIs, or steal IAM tokens from cloud metadata servers by fetching the data and reading it as a database table.\n\n## PoC (Proof of Concept)\n1. Start the server on the victim machine (e.g., an AWS EC2 instance):\n ```bash\n anyquery server --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8070\n ```\n2. Connect from an attacker machine:\n ```bash\n mysql -u root -h \u003cVICTIM_IP\u003e -P 8070\n ```\n3. Execute the payload to fetch AWS Metadata or hit a local API:\n ```sql\n -- Payload 1: Fetch AWS Cloud Metadata (IAM credentials)\n CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE aws_meta USING log_reader(\u0027http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/\u0027);\n SELECT * FROM aws_meta;\n\n -- Payload 2: Access an internal application bound only to localhost\n CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE local_admin USING log_reader(\u0027http://localhost:8000/admin\u0027);\n SELECT * FROM local_admin LIMIT 10;\n ```\n\n## Impact\n- **Confidentiality:** High. Exfiltration of sensitive internal network data or cloud credentials.\n- **Integrity:** Low. Possible interaction with state-changing internal REST APIs.\n- **Availability:** None.\n- **CVSS Score:** 8.6 (High) - `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N`\n\n## Remediation\nBy default, in Server Mode, remote HTTP fetches to local/private IP ranges and known Cloud Metadata IP addresses should be blocked unless explicitly enabled via configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-hwrq-8wxh-q4xv",
"modified": "2026-07-14T20:02:06Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T20:02:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/security/advisories/GHSA-hwrq-8wxh-q4xv"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/julien040/anyquery/releases/tag/0.4.5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Anyquery: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via Unrestricted SQLite Virtual Table Modules in Server Mode"
}
GHSA-HWRV-R72X-JCWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-08 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30User-defined OXMF templates could be used to access a limited part of the internal OX App Suite Java API. The existing switch to disable the feature by default was not effective in this case. Unauthorized users could discover and modify application state, including objects related to other users and contexts. We now make sure that the switch to disable user-generated templates by default works as intended and will remove the feature in future generations of the product. No publicly available exploits are known.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29051"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-08T09:15:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "User-defined OXMF templates could be used to access a limited part of the internal OX App Suite Java API. The existing switch to disable the feature by default was not effective in this case. Unauthorized users could discover and modify application state, including objects related to other users and contexts. We now make sure that the switch to disable user-generated templates by default works as intended and will remove the feature in future generations of the product. No publicly available exploits are known.",
"id": "GHSA-hwrv-r72x-jcwr",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-01-08T09:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.open-xchange.com/appsuite/security/advisories/csaf/2023/oxas-adv-2023-0006.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.open-xchange.com/security/advisories/csaf/oxas-adv-2023-0006.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://software.open-xchange.com/products/appsuite/doc/Release_Notes_for_Patch_Release_6251_7.10.6_2023-09-25.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176422/OX-App-Suite-7.10.6-Access-Control-Cross-Site-Scripting.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jan/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HWV7-HHJX-9J44
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 12:30 – Updated: 2025-11-18 12:30Due to webserver misconfiguration an unauthenticated remote attacker is able to read the source of php modules.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-41737"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T11:15:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Due to webserver misconfiguration an unauthenticated remote attacker is able to read the source of php modules.",
"id": "GHSA-hwv7-hhjx-9j44",
"modified": "2025-11-18T12:30:18Z",
"published": "2025-11-18T12:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41737"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://certvde.com/de/advisories/VDE-2025-097"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HWW7-WGC5-5M95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:48On affected versions of the CloudVision Portal improper access controls on the connection from devices to CloudVision could enable a malicious actor with network access to CloudVision to get broader access to telemetry and configuration data within the system than intended. This advisory impacts the Arista CloudVision Portal product when run on-premise. It does not impact CloudVision as-a-Service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24546"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-13T21:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "On affected versions of the CloudVision Portal improper access controls on the connection from devices to CloudVision could enable a malicious actor with network access to CloudVision to get broader access to telemetry and configuration data within the system than intended. This advisory impacts the Arista CloudVision Portal product when run on-premise. It does not impact CloudVision as-a-Service.",
"id": "GHSA-hww7-wgc5-5m95",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:48:00Z",
"published": "2023-06-13T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24546"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arista.com/en/support/advisories-notices/security-advisory/17022-security-advisory-0083"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HWWV-8C2M-JPXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-21 21:33 – Updated: 2025-10-21 21:33Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 7.1.12 and 7.2.2. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61760"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-21T20:20:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 7.1.12 and 7.2.2. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-hwwv-8c2m-jpxg",
"modified": "2025-10-21T21:33:43Z",
"published": "2025-10-21T21:33:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2025.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HX9V-7G8V-336C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-11 18:31Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.7-beta1, 2.4.7-p3, 2.4.6-p8, 2.4.5-p10, 2.4.4-p11 and earlier are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized access. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24422"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T18:15:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.7-beta1, 2.4.7-p3, 2.4.6-p8, 2.4.5-p10, 2.4.4-p11 and earlier are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. A low-privileged attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized access. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-hx9v-7g8v-336c",
"modified": "2025-02-11T18:31:41Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T18:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb25-08.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.