Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Weakness Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

Technical nuance

Access control involves the use of several protection mechanisms such as:

Authentication (proving the identity of an actor)

Authorization (ensuring that a given actor can access a resource), and

Accountability (tracking of activities that were performed)

There are two distinct behaviors that can introduce access control weaknesses:

Specification: incorrect privileges, permissions, ownership, etc. are explicitly specified for either the user or the resource (for example, setting a password file to be world-writable, or giving administrator capabilities to a guest user). This action could be performed by the program or the administrator.

Enforcement: the mechanism contains errors that prevent it from properly enforcing the specified access control requirements (e.g., allowing the user to specify their own privileges, or allowing a syntactically-incorrect ACL to produce insecure settings). This problem occurs within the program itself, in that it does not actually enforce the intended security policy that the administrator specifies.

Dimensions

  • Behavior-Property: Improper
  • Behavior-Type: Access Control
Mapping guidance

CWE-284 is extremely high-level, a Pillar. Its name, "Improper Access Control," is often misused in low-information vulnerability reports [REF-1287] or by active use of the OWASP Top Ten, such as "A01:2021-Broken Access Control". It is not useful for trend analysis.

Consider using descendants-284 that are more specific to the kind of access control involved.

Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
Implementation

REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.

Operation
Notes

Maintenance

This entry needs more work. Possible sub-categories include:

Trusted group includes undesired entities (partially covered by CWE-286)

Group can perform undesired actions

ACL parse error does not fail closed

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Alternate_Terms, Background_Details, Description, Maintenance_Notes, Name, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-07-27 · CWE 1.5

updated Alternate_Terms, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-12-28 · CWE 1.7

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated References, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-24 · CWE 1.12

Changed name and description; clarified difference between "access control" and "authorization."

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms, Background_Details, Description, Maintenance_Notes, Name, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-27 · CWE 2.0

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-02-18 · CWE 2.6

updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-06-23 · CWE 2.7

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2015-12-07 · CWE 2.9

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated Affected_Resources, Modes_of_Introduction, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2018-03-27 · CWE 3.1

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated Related_Attack_Patterns

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-06-25 · CWE 4.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Maintenance_Notes, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-10-28 · CWE 4.6

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-06-28 · CWE 4.8

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Applicable_Platforms, Description, Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-10-26 · CWE 4.13

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2024-02-29 · CWE 4.14

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-04-03 · CWE 4.17

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Mapping_Notes, Observed_Examples, References, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-01-21 · CWE 4.19.1

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Common_Consequences, Description, Dimensions, Relationships, Technical_Nuance

11541 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-R6M5-94XR-HJVJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-12 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-12 21:31
VLAI
Details

Plesk 18.0 has Incorrect Access Control.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66430"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-12T16:15:44Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Plesk 18.0 has Incorrect Access Control.",
  "id": "GHSA-r6m5-94xr-hjvj",
  "modified": "2025-12-12T21:31:38Z",
  "published": "2025-12-12T18:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66430"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.plesk.com/release-notes/obsidian/whats-new"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.plesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/36261922405015--CVE-2025-66430-Security-vulnerability-in-Password-Protected-Directories-allows-Plesk-users-to-gain-root-level-access-to-a-Plesk-server"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6P8-WXVJ-85QW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-17 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-17 21:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in SourceCodester Web-based Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /edit-photo.php. The manipulation of the argument Avatar leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-3765"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-17T20:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in SourceCodester Web-based Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /edit-photo.php. The manipulation of the argument Avatar leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-r6p8-wxvj-85qw",
  "modified": "2025-04-17T21:31:05Z",
  "published": "2025-04-17T21:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3765"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yaklang/IRifyScanResult/blob/main/Web-based%20Pharmacy%20Product%20Management%20System/upload_in_edit-photo.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.305399"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.305399"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.553722"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6RJ-WRR3-48Q3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:49 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:49
VLAI
Details

pixabay-images.php in the Pixabay Images plugin before 2.4 for WordPress does not validate hostnames, which allows remote authenticated users to write to arbitrary files via an upload URL with a host other than pixabay.com.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-1376"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-01-28T11:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "pixabay-images.php in the Pixabay Images plugin before 2.4 for WordPress does not validate hostnames, which allows remote authenticated users to write to arbitrary files via an upload URL with a host other than pixabay.com.",
  "id": "GHSA-r6rj-wrr3-48q3",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:49:45Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:49:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-1376"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026new=1067992%40pixabay-images%2Ftrunk%2Fpixabay-images.php\u0026old=926633%40pixabay-images%2Ftrunk%2Fpixabay-images.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/130017/WordPress-Pixarbay-Images-2.3-XSS-Bypass-Upload-Traversal.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Jan/75"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/35846"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/01/25/5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/534505/100/0/threaded"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-R6V8-GJ7C-V676

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:33 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:33
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Financial Management product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Security). The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Hyperion Financial Management. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Hyperion Financial Management accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Hyperion Financial Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-70823"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:17:37Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Financial Management product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Security).   The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Hyperion Financial Management.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Hyperion Financial Management accessible data as well as  unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Hyperion Financial Management accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.4 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).",
  "id": "GHSA-r6v8-gj7c-v676",
  "modified": "2026-08-18T21:33:00Z",
  "published": "2026-08-18T21:33:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-70823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6VR-Q24X-M5GP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:03 – Updated: 2025-04-12 13:05
VLAI
Details

TGCaptcha2 version 0.3.0 is vulnerable to a replay attack due to a missing nonce allowing attackers to use a single solved CAPTCHA multiple times.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-1000032"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-10-25T14:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "TGCaptcha2 version 0.3.0 is vulnerable to a replay attack due to a missing nonce allowing attackers to use a single solved CAPTCHA multiple times.",
  "id": "GHSA-r6vr-q24x-m5gp",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T13:05:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:03:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1000032"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1316083"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patrick.uiterwijk.org/2016/03/09/fedora-spam-dwf-2016-89000"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6W9-8VPJ-6V88

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-07-09 21:31
VLAI
Details

Texas Instruments CC2652RB LaunchPad SimpleLink CC13XX CC26XX SDK 7.41.00.17 was discovered to utilize insufficient permission checks on critical fields within Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) data packets. This issue allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted LL_Length_Req packet.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-44525"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-09T17:15:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Texas Instruments CC2652RB LaunchPad SimpleLink CC13XX CC26XX SDK 7.41.00.17 was discovered to utilize insufficient permission checks on critical fields within Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) data packets. This issue allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted LL_Length_Req packet.",
  "id": "GHSA-r6w9-8vpj-6v88",
  "modified": "2025-07-09T21:31:16Z",
  "published": "2025-07-09T18:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44525"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yangting111/BLE_TEST/blob/main/result/PoC/TI/Length_Req_MaxRxBytes.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://cc2652rb.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://texas.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6X2-RRQV-8CP8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-14 21:30 – Updated: 2026-05-15 18:30
VLAI
Details

Insufficient policy enforcement in Payments in Google Chrome on Android prior to 148.0.7778.168 allowed a remote attacker to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-8566"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T20:17:18Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in Payments in Google Chrome on Android prior to 148.0.7778.168 allowed a remote attacker to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
  "id": "GHSA-r6x2-rrqv-8cp8",
  "modified": "2026-05-15T18:30:33Z",
  "published": "2026-05-14T21:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8566"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_12.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/470646792"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R6XH-PQHR-V4XH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 20:22 – Updated: 2026-05-12 13:37
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: MCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens
Details

Summary

MCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected versions: <= 2026.4.21
  • Fixed version: 2026.4.22

Impact

The loopback MCP path accepted spoofable owner-context metadata from request headers, which could allow a non-owner loopback client to present itself as owner for owner-gated operations.

Fix

The MCP loopback runtime now issues separate owner and non-owner bearer tokens and derives senderIsOwner exclusively from which token authenticated the request. The spoofable sender-owner header is no longer emitted or trusted.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 3cb1a56bfc9579a0f2336f9cfa12a8a744332a19

Verification

  • The fix commit is contained in the public v2026.4.22 tag.
  • openclaw@2026.4.22 is published on npm and the compiled package contains the fix.
  • Focused regression coverage for this path passed before publication.

OpenClaw thanks @VladimirEliTokarev for reporting.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.4.21"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44118"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-04T20:22:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nMCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: openclaw (npm)\n- Affected versions: \u003c= 2026.4.21\n- Fixed version: 2026.4.22\n\n## Impact\nThe loopback MCP path accepted spoofable owner-context metadata from request headers, which could allow a non-owner loopback client to present itself as owner for owner-gated operations.\n\n## Fix\nThe MCP loopback runtime now issues separate owner and non-owner bearer tokens and derives senderIsOwner exclusively from which token authenticated the request. The spoofable sender-owner header is no longer emitted or trusted.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- 3cb1a56bfc9579a0f2336f9cfa12a8a744332a19\n\n## Verification\n- The fix commit is contained in the public v2026.4.22 tag.\n- openclaw@2026.4.22 is published on npm and the compiled package contains the fix.\n- Focused regression coverage for this path passed before publication.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @VladimirEliTokarev for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T13:37:11Z",
  "published": "2026-05-04T20:22:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-r6xh-pqhr-v4xh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44118"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/3cb1a56bfc9579a0f2336f9cfa12a8a744332a19"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-owner-context-spoofing-via-bearer-token-header"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: MCP loopback owner context is derived from server-issued bearer tokens"
}

GHSA-R72M-C53Q-265M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:22 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:22
VLAI
Details

The Apache HTTP Server in Apple OS X before 10.12 and OS X Server before 5.2 follows RFC 3875 section 4.1.18 and therefore does not protect applications from the presence of untrusted CGI client data in the HTTP_PROXY environment variable, which might allow remote attackers to redirect an application's outbound HTTP traffic to an arbitrary proxy server via a crafted Proxy header in an HTTP request, aka an "httpoxy" issue, a related issue to CVE-2016-5387.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-4694"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-09-25T10:59:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Apache HTTP Server in Apple OS X before 10.12 and OS X Server before 5.2 follows RFC 3875 section 4.1.18 and therefore does not protect applications from the presence of untrusted CGI client data in the HTTP_PROXY environment variable, which might allow remote attackers to redirect an application\u0027s outbound HTTP traffic to an arbitrary proxy server via a crafted Proxy header in an HTTP request, aka an \"httpoxy\" issue, a related issue to CVE-2016-5387.",
  "id": "GHSA-r72m-c53q-265m",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:22:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:22:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4694"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207170"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207171"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00006.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Sep/msg00009.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93060"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036853"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-R732-G4V2-PR5M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-18 21:32 – Updated: 2026-08-18 21:32
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and Configuration). The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology executes to compromise Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.0 (Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-62570"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-18T21:17:08Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology product of Oracle Hyperion (component: Installation and Configuration).   The supported version that is affected is 11.2.25.0.000. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology executes to compromise Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Hyperion Infrastructure Technology. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.0 (Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L).",
  "id": "GHSA-r732-g4v2-pr5m",
  "modified": "2026-08-18T21:32:30Z",
  "published": "2026-08-18T21:32:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62570"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspuaug2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.