CWE-269
DiscouragedImproper Privilege Management
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly assign, modify, track, or check privileges for an actor, creating an unintended sphere of control for that actor.
6087 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-48QW-824M-86PR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-16 20:13 – Updated: 2026-07-16 20:13Impact
A user holding only reader (read-only) privileges on a single database could execute arbitrary JVM code by sending a "language": "js" command to the POST /api/v1/command/{database} HTTP endpoint, and use it to read arbitrary files on the host filesystem (e.g. /etc/passwd, configuration files), outside the scope of the database itself.
Two cooperating defects made this possible:
- Missing authorization on the scripting path (CWE-863 / CWE-269). Polyglot script execution (
jsand other GraalVM languages) never went through the database authorization checks applied to SQL/Cypher, so any authenticated principal - regardless of database role - could run scripts. - Sandbox whitelist bypass. The GraalVM sandbox restricts direct class lookups to a configured
allowedPackageslist, but a script could reach arbitrary classes by reflecting off the bounddatabaseobject:database.getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass("java.io.File").
Process creation was already blocked (allowCreateProcess(false)), so the confirmed impact is host file read, not OS command execution. Confidentiality: High. Integrity/Availability: None.
This is a distinct entry point and root cause from CVE-2026-44221, CVE-2026-54076 and CVE-2026-54077, and is reproducible on builds that already contain those fixes.
Patches
The fix is applied in the engine so it covers every entry point (HTTP command, HA-forwarded commands, MCP analyze), not only the HTTP handler:
- Polyglot script execution now requires the
updateSecuritydatabase-administrator permission oncommand,analyzeandregisterFunctions. The check runs on the request thread that carries the authenticated user and is a no-op in embedded mode and internal/system contexts (schema load, HA replication apply). - The GraalVM host-access policy now denies access to
java.lang.Class,java.lang.ClassLoaderandjava.lang.reflectmembers, closing the reflection escape that bypassedallowedPackages- even for authorized administrators - while leaving normal method calls on bound objects and explicitJava.type(...)lookups (governed byallowedPackages) working.
Workarounds
Until upgraded, do not grant command/query access on the HTTP API to untrusted users, and treat any account that can reach /api/v1/command as capable of code execution. Note that after the fix, non-administrator accounts can no longer run js/polyglot scripts over HTTP.
Credit
Reported by @kyojune76.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.arcadedb:arcadedb-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "26.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-16T20:13:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nA user holding only `reader` (read-only) privileges on a single database could execute arbitrary JVM code by sending a `\"language\": \"js\"` command to the `POST /api/v1/command/{database}` HTTP endpoint, and use it to read arbitrary files on the host filesystem (e.g. `/etc/passwd`, configuration files), outside the scope of the database itself.\n\nTwo cooperating defects made this possible:\n\n1. **Missing authorization on the scripting path (CWE-863 / CWE-269).** Polyglot script execution (`js` and other GraalVM languages) never went through the database authorization checks applied to SQL/Cypher, so any authenticated principal - regardless of database role - could run scripts.\n2. **Sandbox whitelist bypass.** The GraalVM sandbox restricts direct class lookups to a configured `allowedPackages` list, but a script could reach arbitrary classes by reflecting off the bound `database` object: `database.getClass().getClassLoader().loadClass(\"java.io.File\")`.\n\nProcess creation was already blocked (`allowCreateProcess(false)`), so the confirmed impact is host **file read**, not OS command execution. Confidentiality: High. Integrity/Availability: None.\n\nThis is a distinct entry point and root cause from CVE-2026-44221, CVE-2026-54076 and CVE-2026-54077, and is reproducible on builds that already contain those fixes.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe fix is applied in the engine so it covers every entry point (HTTP command, HA-forwarded commands, MCP `analyze`), not only the HTTP handler:\n\n- Polyglot script execution now requires the `updateSecurity` database-administrator permission on `command`, `analyze` and `registerFunctions`. The check runs on the request thread that carries the authenticated user and is a no-op in embedded mode and internal/system contexts (schema load, HA replication apply).\n- The GraalVM host-access policy now denies access to `java.lang.Class`, `java.lang.ClassLoader` and `java.lang.reflect` members, closing the reflection escape that bypassed `allowedPackages` - even for authorized administrators - while leaving normal method calls on bound objects and explicit `Java.type(...)` lookups (governed by `allowedPackages`) working.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUntil upgraded, do not grant command/query access on the HTTP API to untrusted users, and treat any account that can reach `/api/v1/command` as capable of code execution. Note that after the fix, non-administrator accounts can no longer run `js`/polyglot scripts over HTTP.\n\n### Credit\n\nReported by @kyojune76.",
"id": "GHSA-48qw-824m-86pr",
"modified": "2026-07-16T20:13:20Z",
"published": "2026-07-16T20:13:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ArcadeData/arcadedb/security/advisories/GHSA-48qw-824m-86pr"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ArcadeData/arcadedb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ArcadeData/arcadedb/releases/tag/26.7.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ArcadeDB: Privilege escalation via reader role in /api/v1/command JS scripting language \u2014 arbitrary host file read"
}
GHSA-48W7-XGFC-4WM7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-12 21:31 – Updated: 2026-08-12 21:31IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to gain elevated privileges due to improper validation of a client-supplied profile name.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-17082"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-12T20:17:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM i 7.6, 7.5, 7.4, and 7.3 could allow a remote authenticated attacker to gain elevated privileges due to improper validation of a client-supplied profile name.",
"id": "GHSA-48w7-xgfc-4wm7",
"modified": "2026-08-12T21:31:40Z",
"published": "2026-08-12T21:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-17082"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283276"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-492F-5JC2-5M33
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-16 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-16 00:00Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-26786, CVE-2022-26787, CVE-2022-26789, CVE-2022-26790, CVE-2022-26791, CVE-2022-26792, CVE-2022-26794, CVE-2022-26795, CVE-2022-26796, CVE-2022-26797, CVE-2022-26798, CVE-2022-26801, CVE-2022-26802, CVE-2022-26803.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26793"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-26786, CVE-2022-26787, CVE-2022-26789, CVE-2022-26790, CVE-2022-26791, CVE-2022-26792, CVE-2022-26794, CVE-2022-26795, CVE-2022-26796, CVE-2022-26797, CVE-2022-26798, CVE-2022-26801, CVE-2022-26802, CVE-2022-26803.",
"id": "GHSA-492f-5jc2-5m33",
"modified": "2022-04-16T00:00:33Z",
"published": "2022-04-16T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-26793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-26793"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-493R-G3QV-5457
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-23 00:30 – Updated: 2026-08-23 00:30The Security Hardener plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.4. The vulnerability exists because the plugin's user-enumeration protection, which is enabled by default, hooks the rest_endpoints filter via secure_user_endpoints() and overwrites every registered handler's permission_callback on both the /wp/v2/users and /wp/v2/users/(?P[\d]+) routes — including POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE handlers — with a bare closure that returns only is_user_logged_in(), completely stripping WordPress Core's original capability checks such as create_users, promote_user, edit_users, and delete_users that WP_REST_Users_Controller normally enforces. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with Subscriber-level access and above to create new Administrator accounts by sending POST request to /wp/v2/users with administrator role, or to reset an existing Administrator's password by issuing a PUT/POST request to /wp/v2/users/. Because the block_user_enum option defaults to enabled, no special plugin configuration is required — the overwrite is active on every request as soon as the plugin is installed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16149"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-23T00:16:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Security Hardener plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Missing Authorization in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.4. The vulnerability exists because the plugin\u0027s user-enumeration protection, which is enabled by default, hooks the rest_endpoints filter via secure_user_endpoints() and overwrites every registered handler\u0027s permission_callback on both the /wp/v2/users and /wp/v2/users/(?P\u003cid\u003e[\\d]+) routes \u2014 including POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE handlers \u2014 with a bare closure that returns only is_user_logged_in(), completely stripping WordPress Core\u0027s original capability checks such as create_users, promote_user, edit_users, and delete_users that WP_REST_Users_Controller normally enforces. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers with Subscriber-level access and above to create new Administrator accounts by sending POST request to /wp/v2/users with administrator role, or to reset an existing Administrator\u0027s password by issuing a PUT/POST request to /wp/v2/users/\u003cid\u003e. Because the block_user_enum option defaults to enabled, no special plugin configuration is required \u2014 the overwrite is active on every request as soon as the plugin is installed.",
"id": "GHSA-493r-g3qv-5457",
"modified": "2026-08-23T00:30:22Z",
"published": "2026-08-23T00:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/security-hardener/tags/2.4.4/security-hardener.php#L107"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/security-hardener/tags/2.4.4/security-hardener.php#L180"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/security-hardener/tags/2.4.4/security-hardener.php#L204"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/security-hardener/tags/2.4.4/security-hardener.php#L428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/security-hardener/tags/2.4.4/security-hardener.php#L433"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/security-hardener/tags/2.4.4/security-hardener.php#L439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3630896/security-hardener"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/64f1a71f-e210-4191-bfb4-56f8568180ed?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-495F-RRQV-PX5G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:38 – Updated: 2024-10-08 18:33Windows Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1709"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-12T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-495f-rrqv-px5g",
"modified": "2024-10-08T18:33:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:38:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1709"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1709"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-1709"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4965-8838-R53X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-05 12:31 – Updated: 2026-05-20 12:30Improper Privilege Management vulnerability in ExtremePacs Extreme XDS allows Collect Data as Provided by Users.This issue affects Extreme XDS: before 3914.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6522"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-648"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-05T12:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Privilege Management vulnerability in ExtremePacs Extreme XDS allows Collect Data as Provided by Users.This issue affects Extreme XDS: before 3914.",
"id": "GHSA-4965-8838-r53x",
"modified": "2026-05-20T12:30:35Z",
"published": "2024-04-05T12:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-24-0276"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-24-0276"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-497Q-XHQW-FW3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 12:31 – Updated: 2024-06-11 12:31A vulnerability has been identified in Mendix Applications using Mendix 10 (All versions < V10.11.0), Mendix Applications using Mendix 10 (V10.6) (All versions < V10.6.9), Mendix Applications using Mendix 9 (All versions >= V9.3.0 < V9.24.22). Affected applications could allow users with the capability to manage a role to elevate the access rights of users with that role. Successful exploitation requires to guess the id of a target role which contains the elevated access rights.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33500"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T12:15:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Mendix Applications using Mendix 10 (All versions \u003c V10.11.0), Mendix Applications using Mendix 10 (V10.6) (All versions \u003c V10.6.9), Mendix Applications using Mendix 9 (All versions \u003e= V9.3.0 \u003c V9.24.22). Affected applications could allow users with the capability to manage a role to elevate the access rights of users with that role. Successful exploitation requires to guess the id of a target role which contains the elevated access rights.",
"id": "GHSA-497q-xhqw-fw3m",
"modified": "2024-06-11T12:31:02Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T12:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-540640.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4985-WCH3-93JR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:02Windows NT OS Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23298"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-362"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-09T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows NT OS Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-4985-wch3-93jr",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:02:26Z",
"published": "2022-03-10T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23298"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-23298"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-23298"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4987-RR6V-X4Q5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:06 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:06The identity zones feature in Pivotal Cloud Foundry 208 through 229; UAA 2.0.0 through 2.7.3 and 3.0.0; UAA-Release 2 through 4, when configured with multiple identity zones; and Elastic Runtime 1.6.0 through 1.6.13 allows remote authenticated users with privileges in one zone to gain privileges and perform operations on a different zone via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-0732"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-07T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The identity zones feature in Pivotal Cloud Foundry 208 through 229; UAA 2.0.0 through 2.7.3 and 3.0.0; UAA-Release 2 through 4, when configured with multiple identity zones; and Elastic Runtime 1.6.0 through 1.6.13 allows remote authenticated users with privileges in one zone to gain privileges and perform operations on a different zone via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-4987-rr6v-x4q5",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:06:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:06:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-0732"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pivotal.io/security/cve-2016-0732"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-499P-R546-M762
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-29 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:15Dell PowerScale OneFS, versions 8.2.2.x-9.5.0.x, contains an improper privilege management vulnerability. A remote attacker with low privileges could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to escalation of privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-267",
"CWE-269"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-29T08:15:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nDell PowerScale OneFS, versions 8.2.2.x-9.5.0.x, contains an improper privilege management vulnerability. A remote attacker with low privileges could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to escalation of privileges.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-499p-r546-m762",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:15:08Z",
"published": "2023-08-29T09:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000216916/dsa-2023-277-security-update-for-dell-powerscale-onefs-for-improper-privilege-management-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-48
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
Follow the principle of least privilege when assigning access rights to entities in a software system.
Mitigation MIT-49
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
Consider following the principle of separation of privilege. Require multiple conditions to be met before permitting access to a system resource.
CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse
An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.
CAPEC-233: Privilege Escalation
An adversary exploits a weakness enabling them to elevate their privilege and perform an action that they are not supposed to be authorized to perform.
CAPEC-58: Restful Privilege Elevation
An adversary identifies a Rest HTTP (Get, Put, Delete) style permission method allowing them to perform various malicious actions upon server data due to lack of access control mechanisms implemented within the application service accepting HTTP messages.