CWE-134
AllowedUse of Externally-Controlled Format String
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a function that accepts a format string as an argument, but the format string originates from an external source.
526 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MW96-29XV-5PPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:48 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:48Format string vulnerability in vmware-vmrc.exe build 158248 in VMware Remote Console (aka VMrc) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-3732"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-04-12T18:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Format string vulnerability in vmware-vmrc.exe build 158248 in VMware Remote Console (aka VMrc) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-mw96-29xv-5ppf",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:48:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:48:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3732"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2010-04/0077.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2010-04/0121.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.vmware.com/pipermail/security-announce/2010/000090.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/39110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201209-25.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2010-0007.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-MX5R-5FPQ-F39J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:48 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:48Format string vulnerability in c++filt in Apple Mac OS X 10.5 before 10.5.4 allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted string in (1) C++ or (2) Java source code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-2310"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-07-01T18:41:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Format string vulnerability in c++filt in Apple Mac OS X 10.5 before 10.5.4 allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (application crash) via a crafted string in (1) C++ or (2) Java source code.",
"id": "GHSA-mx5r-5fpq-f39j",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:48:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:48:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-2310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43494"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2008//Jun/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/30802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1020392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT2163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/1981/references"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P2Q6-4RHC-9FHC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:01 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:01Multiple format string vulnerabilities in phar_object.c in the phar extension in PHP 5.3.5 and earlier allow context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory, cause a denial of service (memory corruption), or possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in an argument to a class method, leading to an incorrect zend_throw_exception_ex call.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-1153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-03-16T22:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple format string vulnerabilities in phar_object.c in the phar extension in PHP 5.3.5 and earlier allow context-dependent attackers to obtain sensitive information from process memory, cause a denial of service (memory corruption), or possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in an argument to a class method, leading to an incorrect zend_throw_exception_ex call.",
"id": "GHSA-p2q6-4rhc-9fhc",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:01:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:01:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=688378"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/66079"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=54247"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/Security-announce/2011//Oct/msg00003.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-April/057709.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-April/057710.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2011-March/056642.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/03/14/13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/03/14/14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/03/14/24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/43744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT5002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://svn.php.net/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=309221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2011/dsa-2266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2011:052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2011:053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.php.net/ChangeLog-5.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.php.net/archive/2011.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.php.net/releases/5_3_6.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/46854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2011/0744"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2011/0764"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2011/0890"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P2XF-59PP-G3WC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:38 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:38Format string vulnerability in the Epic Games Unreal engine client, as used in multiple games, allows remote servers to execute arbitrary code via (1) the CLASS parameter in a DLMGR command, (2) a malformed package (PKG), and possibly (3) the LEVEL parameter in a WELCOME command.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-6441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-03-09T14:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Format string vulnerability in the Epic Games Unreal engine client, as used in multiple games, allows remote servers to execute arbitrary code via (1) the CLASS parameter in a DLMGR command, (2) a malformed package (PKG), and possibly (3) the LEVEL parameter in a WELCOME command.",
"id": "GHSA-p2xf-59pp-g3wc",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:38:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:38:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/45088"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/45089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/45090"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://aluigi.altervista.org/adv/unrealcfs-adv.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2008-09/0190.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/48290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.osvdb.org/48291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/496297/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/31141"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P3H5-3M58-R225
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:10 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:10The dissect_dsmcc_un_download function in epan/dissectors/packet-mpeg-dsmcc.c in the MPEG DSM-CC dissector in Wireshark 1.8.x before 1.8.7 uses an incorrect format string, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a malformed packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-3560"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-05-25T03:18:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The dissect_dsmcc_un_download function in epan/dissectors/packet-mpeg-dsmcc.c in the MPEG DSM-CC dissector in Wireshark 1.8.x before 1.8.7 uses an incorrect format string, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) via a malformed packet.",
"id": "GHSA-p3h5-3m58-r225",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:10:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:10:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3560"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.wireshark.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=8481"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A16751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/viewvc/trunk/epan/dissectors/packet-mpeg-dsmcc.c?r1=48332\u0026r2=48331\u0026pathrev=48332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=48332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-06/msg00048.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-06/msg00083.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-06/msg00194.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-06/msg00196.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/53425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/54425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2013/dsa-2700"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.gentoo.org/security/en/glsa/glsa-201308-05.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.wireshark.org/security/wnpa-sec-2013-28.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-P5QQ-XP46-54RC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:35A format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 5.6.0 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via the SSH username variable.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1352"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-08T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 5.6.0 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via the SSH username variable.",
"id": "GHSA-p5qq-xp46-54rc",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:35:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:35:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1352"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-18-018"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P5WR-VP8G-Q5P4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-07-12 14:45 – Updated: 2024-10-18 21:39Plone 4.x through 4.3.11 and 5.x through 5.0.6 allow remote attackers to bypass a sandbox protection mechanism and obtain sensitive information by leveraging the Python string format method.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.3.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.1a2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.1a1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.1b1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "Plone"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:48:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Plone 4.x through 4.3.11 and 5.x through 5.0.6 allow remote attackers to bypass a sandbox protection mechanism and obtain sensitive information by leveraging the Python string format method.",
"id": "GHSA-p5wr-vp8g-q5p4",
"modified": "2024-10-18T21:39:21Z",
"published": "2018-07-12T14:45:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Products.CMFPlone/pull/1912"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/plone/Products.CMFPlone/commit/a7d47692058e10ce89968e7ca4dacbdf44fcad4f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p5wr-vp8g-q5p4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/plone/PYSEC-2017-81.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plone.org/security/hotfix/20170117/sandbox-escape"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/01/18/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95679"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Plone Sandbox Escape"
}
GHSA-P666-CH8G-WP7W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-02 15:30 – Updated: 2026-01-05 21:30A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later QuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-53591"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-02T15:16:01Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:\nQTS 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later\nQuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later\nQuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later",
"id": "GHSA-p666-ch8g-wp7w",
"modified": "2026-01-05T21:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-01-02T15:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53591"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-50"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-P6GF-558M-R8Q3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-07 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-09 00:00A format string vulnerability in Zyxel NAS326 firmware versions prior to V5.21(AAZF.12)C0 could allow an attacker to achieve unauthorized remote code execution via a crafted UDP packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34747"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-06T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A format string vulnerability in Zyxel NAS326 firmware versions prior to V5.21(AAZF.12)C0 could allow an attacker to achieve unauthorized remote code execution via a crafted UDP packet.",
"id": "GHSA-p6gf-558m-r8q3",
"modified": "2022-09-09T00:00:57Z",
"published": "2022-09-07T00:01:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/support/Zyxel-security-advisory-for-format-string-vulnerability-in-NAS.shtml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-P73Q-X72G-C4G9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:26 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:26Format string vulnerability in the safe_bprintf function in acesrc/acebot_cmds.c in Alien Arena 2007 6.10 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via format string specifiers in a nickname.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-4754"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-134"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-09-08T01:17:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Format string vulnerability in the safe_bprintf function in acesrc/acebot_cmds.c in Alien Arena 2007 6.10 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (daemon crash) via format string specifiers in a nickname.",
"id": "GHSA-p73q-x72g-c4g9",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:26:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:26:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-4754"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/36463"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://aluigi.altervista.org/adv/aa2k7x-adv.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2007-09/0049.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/40507"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/26819"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.quakesrc.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=6843\u0026start=1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/478628/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25559"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/3169"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Choose a language that is not subject to this flaw.
Mitigation
Ensure that all format string functions are passed a static string which cannot be controlled by the user, and that the proper number of arguments are always sent to that function as well. If at all possible, use functions that do not support the %n operator in format strings. [REF-116] [REF-117]
Mitigation
Run compilers and linkers with high warning levels, since they may detect incorrect usage.
CAPEC-135: Format String Injection
An adversary includes formatting characters in a string input field on the target application. Most applications assume that users will provide static text and may respond unpredictably to the presence of formatting character. For example, in certain functions of the C programming languages such as printf, the formatting character %s will print the contents of a memory location expecting this location to identify a string and the formatting character %n prints the number of DWORD written in the memory. An adversary can use this to read or write to memory locations or files, or simply to manipulate the value of the resulting text in unexpected ways. Reading or writing memory may result in program crashes and writing memory could result in the execution of arbitrary code if the adversary can write to the program stack.
CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()
This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.