Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1336

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.

398 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-57170 (GCVE-0-2026-57170)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 23:18 – Updated: 2026-08-28 22:41
VLAI
Title
Trestle SSTI in Jinja2 include tags allows arbitrary code execution (Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-46439)
Summary
Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions prior to 3.12.4 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, the custom Jinja2 include tags mdsection_include and md_clean_include re-parse the content of an included Markdown file as Jinja2 template code in a non-sandboxed environment, allowing server-side template injection that can lead to arbitrary code execution. The MDSectionInclude and MDCleanInclude tags in Trestle/core/jinja/tags.py pass included file content to Parser(self.environment, ...).parse(), splicing it into the host template's compilation, and the environment is a plain jinja2.Environment rather than a SandboxedEnvironment, so any expressions in the file are evaluated with full access to the usual SSTI gadget chain. Because Trestle's Markdown writers emit OSCAL prose and component-description fields verbatim, applying delimiter neutralization only to parameter tables, attacker-controlled OSCAL data such as a control statement, part prose, or component description containing Jinja2 syntax flows into an included Markdown file and is executed when the include tag re-parses it. This issue is fixed in version 4.1.0.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 22:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
oscal-compass compliance-trestle Affected: < 3.12.4
Affected: >= 4.0.0, < 4.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-55794 (GCVE-0-2026-55794)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 23:26 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:41
VLAI
Title
Craft CMS: Potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via referrer redirect
Summary
Craft CMS is a content management system (CMS). In versions 5.9.0 and above prior to 5.10.0, control panel users with the ability to edit entries can execute unsandboxed Twig code via the HTTP Referrer header, potentially leading to authenticated RCE. The issue happens when a user is saving entries. Strings for a signed redirect URL are being compiled as a Twig template via renderObjectTemplate(), and while a sandboxed alternative already exists (renderSandboxedObjectTemplate()), it is not used in this case. This signed URL can be specified by users, as it is reflected in the “Referer” HTTP request header, which is under attacker control. This issue has been fixed in version 5.10.0.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-02 12:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
craftcms cms Affected: >= 5.9.0, < 5.10.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55559 (GCVE-0-2026-55559)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-28 17:22 – Updated: 2026-08-28 19:58
VLAI
Title
Yamcs: Remote Code Execution via instance-template argument YAML injection (createInstance)
Summary
Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.8 and 5.13.2, Yamcs inserts templateArgs from POST /api/instances and PATCH /api/instances/{instance} into YAML through VarStatement.append in yamcs-core/src/main/java/org/yamcs/templating/VarStatement.java without YAML-context escaping. The rendered configuration is parsed by YamcsServer.createInstance and loaded by YamcsServerInstance, allowing an attacker to inject a services entry for org.yamcs.ProcessRunner. Deployments without security.yaml expose the operation through the guest superuser, while secured deployments require SystemPrivilege.CreateInstances. Successful exploitation executes commands as the Yamcs service account. This issue is fixed in versions 5.12.8 and 5.13.2.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 19:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
yamcs yamcs Affected: < 5.12.8
Affected: >= 5.13.0, < 5.13.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-55242 (GCVE-0-2026-55242)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 15:38 – Updated: 2026-07-15 16:02
VLAI
Title
ERPNext: Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Batch autonaming via Stock Settings.naming_series_prefix
Summary
ERPNext is a free and open source Enterprise Resource Planning tool. Prior to 15.111.0 and 16.22.0, an authenticated user with a standard operational role can trigger server-side template injection through a configuration field, resulting in unauthorized disclosure of data outside the user's normal permission scope. This issue is fixed in versions 15.111.0 and 16.22.0.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 16:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
frappe erpnext Affected: < 15.111.0
Affected: >= 16.0.0, < 16.22.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        }
      ],
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        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "LOCAL",
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              "cweId": "CWE-863",
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          ]
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            {
              "cweId": "CWE-1336",
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CVE-2026-54718 (GCVE-0-2026-54718)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 17:19 – Updated: 2026-08-27 17:19
VLAI
Title
Silverstripe Advanced Workflow: Remote code execution via advanced workflow email template
Summary
Silverstripe Advanced Workflow is a highly configurable step-based workflow module. Prior to 6.4.5, 7.1.3, and 7.2.1, an attacker with permission to author the advanced workflow email template can place a specially crafted server-side template payload in NotifyUsersWorkflowAction.EmailTemplate. When NotifyUsersWorkflowAction renders the field through the Silverstripe template engine SSTemplateParser, the payload can cause PHP evaluation and arbitrary code execution on the server; the regression coverage is in tests/php/WorkflowEngineTest.php. This issue is fixed in versions 6.4.5, 7.1.3, and 7.2.1.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
silverstripe silverstripe-advancedworkflow Affected: < 6.4.5
Affected: >= 7.0.0, < 7.1.3
Affected: >= 7.2.0, < 7.2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54666 (GCVE-0-2026-54666)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:34 – Updated: 2026-07-30 13:47
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped OpenAPI path strings in generated method bodies
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, src/schema-routes/schema-routes.ts passes OpenAPI path keys through parseRouteName to templates/default/procedure-call.ejs and templates/modular/procedure-call.ejs without escaping JavaScript template literal interpolation, allowing an attacker-controlled path containing ${...} to execute when the generated method is called. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 13:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54664 (GCVE-0-2026-54664)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:32 – Updated: 2026-07-30 15:19
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped enum string values
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, src/schema-parser/base-schema-parsers/enum.ts passes components.schemas.*.enum[i] values to Ts.StringValue in src/configuration.ts without escaping before templates/base/enum-data-contract.ejs renders TypeScript enum declarations, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject code that executes when the generated module is imported. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 13:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
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CVE-2026-54662 (GCVE-0-2026-54662)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:26 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:16
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped `servers[0].url` in fetch http-client template
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from OpenAPI specifications. Prior to 13.12.2, src/code-gen-process.ts createApiConfig copies servers[0].url into apiConfig.baseUrl, and templates/base/http-clients/fetch-http-client.ejs interpolates apiConfig.baseUrl into the generated HttpClient baseUrl field without escaping, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject TypeScript static field code that executes when the generated fetch client module is imported. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 15:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54661 (GCVE-0-2026-54661)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 14:30 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:00
VLAI
Title
swagger-typescript-api vulnerable to code injection via unescaped `servers[0].url` in axios http-client template
Summary
swagger-typescript-api generates API clients for Fetch or Axios from an OpenAPI Specification. Prior to 13.12.2, templates/base/http-clients/axios-http-client.ejs interpolates servers[0].url from src/code-gen-process.ts into the HttpClient constructor without escaping, allowing an attacker-controlled OpenAPI spec to inject code that executes when new HttpClient() or new Api() is constructed. This issue is fixed in version 13.12.2.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-54654 (GCVE-0-2026-54654)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 21:22 – Updated: 2026-07-29 15:24
VLAI
Title
`datamodel-code-generator` vulnerable to code injection via unescaped carriage return in `--extra-template-data` `comment` field
Summary
datamodel-code-generator generates Python data models from schema definitions. From 0.14.1 until 0.60.2, the --extra-template-data comment field is rendered into Python comments in src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/TypeAliasAnnotation.jinja2, src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/TypedDict.jinja2, src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/dataclass.jinja2, src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/msgspec.Struct.jinja2, src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/pydantic/BaseModel.jinja2, and src/datamodel_code_generator/model/template/pydantic_v2/BaseModel.jinja2 without neutralizing carriage returns in Python # comments, allowing an attacker-controlled comment value to inject Python code into generated models that runs when imported. This issue is fixed in version 0.60.2.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 14:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
koxudaxi datamodel-code-generator Affected: >= 0.14.1, < 0.60.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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