CWE-131
AllowedIncorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not correctly calculate the size to be used when allocating a buffer, which could lead to a buffer overflow.
290 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8G52-RHVW-9278
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-11 15:31 – Updated: 2025-08-20 21:30An Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an adjacent unauthenticated attacker to cause a memory corruption that leads to a rpd crash.
When the logical interface using a routing instance flaps continuously, specific updates are sent to the jflow/sflow modules. This results in memory corruption, leading to an rpd crash and restart.
Continued receipt of these specific updates will cause a sustained Denial of Service condition.
This issue affects Junos OS:
- All versions before 21.2R3-S9,
- All versions of 21.4,
- All versions of 22.2,
- from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7,
- from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3,
- from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4,
- from 24.2 before 24.2R2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-52955"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-11T15:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size vulnerability in the routing protocol daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an adjacent unauthenticated attacker to cause a memory corruption that leads\u00a0to a rpd crash.\u00a0\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhen\nthe logical interface using a routing instance flaps continuously, specific updates are sent to the jflow/sflow modules. This results in memory corruption, leading to an rpd crash and restart.\u00a0\n\n\nContinued receipt of these specific updates will cause a sustained Denial of Service condition.\n\n\nThis issue affects Junos OS:\n\n * All versions before 21.2R3-S9, \n * All versions of 21.4, \n * All versions of 22.2, \n * from 22.4 before 22.4R3-S7, \n * from 23.2 before 23.2R2-S3, \n * from 23.4 before 23.4R2-S4, \n * from 24.2 before 24.2R2.",
"id": "GHSA-8g52-rhvw-9278",
"modified": "2025-08-20T21:30:23Z",
"published": "2025-07-11T15:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52955"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100062"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8P42-R5F7-3M7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 02:04 – Updated: 2025-01-16 21:30Buffer overflow in the AIM and ICQ module in Gaim before 1.5.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via an away message with a large number of AIM substitution strings, such as %t or %n.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2005-2103"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2005-08-16T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow in the AIM and ICQ module in Gaim before 1.5.0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via an away message with a large number of AIM substitution strings, such as %t or %n.",
"id": "GHSA-8p42-r5f7-3m7g",
"modified": "2025-01-16T21:30:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T02:04:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2005-2103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11477"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/168-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://gaim.sourceforge.net/security/?id=22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2005_19_sr.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-589.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2005-627.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/426078/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/14531"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9266-4XCC-JJFM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-28 00:31 – Updated: 2025-10-28 00:31IBM DB2 High Performance Unload 6.1.0.3, 5.1.0.1, 6.1.0.2, 6.5, 6.5.0.0 IF1, 6.1.0.1, 6.1, 5.1, 6.1.0.3, 5.1.0.1, 6.1.0.2, 6.5, 6.5.0.0 IF1, 6.1.0.1, 6.1, 5.1, 6.1.0.3, 5.1.0.1, 6.1.0.2, 6.5, 6.5.0.0 IF1, 6.1.0.1, 6.1, 5.1, 6.1.0.3, 5.1.0.1, 6.1.0.2, 6.5, 6.5.0.0 IF1, 6.1.0.1, 6.1, and 5.1 could allow an authenticated user to cause the program to crash due to the incorrect calculation of a buffer size.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-33126"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-28T00:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM DB2 High Performance Unload 6.1.0.3, 5.1.0.1, 6.1.0.2, 6.5, 6.5.0.0 IF1, 6.1.0.1, 6.1, 5.1, 6.1.0.3, 5.1.0.1, 6.1.0.2, 6.5, 6.5.0.0 IF1, 6.1.0.1, 6.1, 5.1, 6.1.0.3, 5.1.0.1, 6.1.0.2, 6.5, 6.5.0.0 IF1, 6.1.0.1, 6.1, 5.1, 6.1.0.3, 5.1.0.1, 6.1.0.2, 6.5, 6.5.0.0 IF1, 6.1.0.1, 6.1, and 5.1 could allow an authenticated user to cause the program to crash due to the incorrect calculation of a buffer size.",
"id": "GHSA-9266-4xcc-jjfm",
"modified": "2025-10-28T00:31:26Z",
"published": "2025-10-28T00:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-33126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7249336"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-97H5-GFW2-P92X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-19 18:31 – Updated: 2024-11-20 18:32In writeToParcel and createFromParcel of DcParamObject.java, there is a permission bypass due to a write size mismatch. This could lead to an elevation of privileges where the user can start an activity with system privileges, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13315"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-19T18:15:18Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In writeToParcel and createFromParcel of DcParamObject.java, there is a permission bypass due to a write size mismatch. This could lead to an elevation of privileges where the user can start an activity with system privileges, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-97h5-gfw2-p92x",
"modified": "2024-11-20T18:32:16Z",
"published": "2024-11-19T18:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-05-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-983J-96V4-GM2C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:30 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:30On Juniper Networks MX Series with MS-MIC or MS-MPC card configured with NAT64 configuration, receipt of a malformed IPv6 packet may crash the MS-PIC component on MS-MIC or MS-MPC. This issue occurs when a multiservice card is translating the malformed IPv6 packet to IPv4 packet. An unauthenticated attacker can continuously send crafted IPv6 packets through the device causing repetitive MS-PIC process crashes, resulting in an extended Denial of Service condition. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series: 15.1 versions prior to 15.1R7-S7; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D593; 16.1 versions prior to 16.1R7-S8; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R3-S4; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S6; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S11, 17.4R3; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S6; 18.2X75 versions prior to 18.2X75-D41, 18.2X75-D430, 18.2X75-D53, 18.2X75-D65; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R2; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-1680"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-16T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "On Juniper Networks MX Series with MS-MIC or MS-MPC card configured with NAT64 configuration, receipt of a malformed IPv6 packet may crash the MS-PIC component on MS-MIC or MS-MPC. This issue occurs when a multiservice card is translating the malformed IPv6 packet to IPv4 packet. An unauthenticated attacker can continuously send crafted IPv6 packets through the device causing repetitive MS-PIC process crashes, resulting in an extended Denial of Service condition. This issue affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series: 15.1 versions prior to 15.1R7-S7; 15.1X53 versions prior to 15.1X53-D593; 16.1 versions prior to 16.1R7-S8; 17.2 versions prior to 17.2R3-S4; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S6; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S11, 17.4R3; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S6; 18.2X75 versions prior to 18.2X75-D41, 18.2X75-D430, 18.2X75-D53, 18.2X75-D65; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R2; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2.",
"id": "GHSA-983j-96v4-gm2c",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:30:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1680"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11077"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9P4C-8VQH-7RPV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-11 00:02 – Updated: 2022-03-17 00:01There is an incorrect buffer size calculation vulnerability in the video framework. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-40052"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-10T17:43:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is an incorrect buffer size calculation vulnerability in the video framework. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.",
"id": "GHSA-9p4c-8vqh-7rpv",
"modified": "2022-03-17T00:01:54Z",
"published": "2022-03-11T00:02:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2022/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-phones-202208-0000001363876177"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q6C-GRQ3-7PRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-29 02:58 – Updated: 2025-01-16 18:30Buffer overflow in Apache 2.0.50 and earlier allows local users to gain apache privileges via a .htaccess file that causes the overflow during expansion of environment variables.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2004-0747"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2004-10-20T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Buffer overflow in Apache 2.0.50 and earlier allows local users to gain apache privileges via a .htaccess file that causes the overflow during expansion of environment variables.",
"id": "GHSA-9q6c-grq3-7prg",
"modified": "2025-01-16T18:30:56Z",
"published": "2022-04-29T02:58:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2004-0747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf6449464fd8b7437704c55f88361b66f12d5b5f90bcce66af4be4ba9@%3Ccvs.httpd.apache.org%3E"
},
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/17384"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/12540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/34920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1011303"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.ca.com/irj/portal/anonymous/phpsupcontent?contentID=205147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.gentoo.org/security/en/glsa/glsa-200409-21.xml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/481998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandrakesecure.net/en/advisories/advisory.php?name=MDKSA-2004:096"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.novell.com/linux/security/advisories/2004_32_apache2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2004-463.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.trustix.org/errata/2004/0047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1233"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QCW-X77V-9QJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-11 06:30 – Updated: 2024-09-11 06:30Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (CWE-131) in the Controller 6000 and Controller 7000 OSDP message handling, allows an attacker with physical access to Controller wiring to instigate a reboot leading to a denial of service.
This issue affects: Controller 6000 and Controller 7000 9.10 prior to vCR9.10.240816a (distributed in 9.10.1530 (MR2)), 9.00 prior to vCR9.00.240816a (distributed in 9.00.2168 (MR4)), 8.90 prior to vCR8.90.240816a (distributed in 8.90.2155 (MR5)), 8.80 prior to vCR8.80.240816b (distributed in 8.80.1938 (MR6)), all versions of 8.70 and prior.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39808"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-11T04:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size (CWE-131) in the Controller 6000 and Controller 7000 OSDP message handling, allows an attacker with physical access to Controller wiring to instigate a reboot leading to a denial of service. \n\n\n\nThis issue affects: Controller 6000 and Controller 7000 9.10 prior to vCR9.10.240816a (distributed in 9.10.1530 (MR2)), 9.00 prior to vCR9.00.240816a (distributed in 9.00.2168 (MR4)), 8.90 prior to vCR8.90.240816a (distributed in 8.90.2155 (MR5)), 8.80 prior to vCR8.80.240816b (distributed in 8.80.1938 (MR6)), all versions of 8.70 and prior.",
"id": "GHSA-9qcw-x77v-9qjh",
"modified": "2024-09-11T06:30:39Z",
"published": "2024-09-11T06:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39808"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gallagher.com/en-NZ/Security-Advisories/CVE-2024-39808"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9QGV-FVWW-QGVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:43 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:43In writeToParcel and createFromParcel of RttManager.java, there is a permission bypass due to a write size mismatch. This could lead to a local escalation of privileges where the user can start an activity with system privileges, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 8.0, 8.1. Android ID: A-70398564.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13289"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-04T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In writeToParcel and createFromParcel of RttManager.java, there is a permission bypass due to a write size mismatch. This could lead to a local escalation of privileges where the user can start an activity with system privileges, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 8.0, 8.1. Android ID: A-70398564.",
"id": "GHSA-9qgv-fvww-qgvh",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:43:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:43:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13289"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-04-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9RV5-7GPW-9G55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-24 06:31 – Updated: 2026-04-24 06:31Delta Electronics AS320T has incorrect calculation of the buffer size on the stack in the GET/PUT request handler of the web service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1949"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-131"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T06:16:03Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Delta Electronics AS320T has incorrect calculation of the buffer size on the stack in the GET/PUT request handler of the web service.",
"id": "GHSA-9rv5-7gpw-9g55",
"modified": "2026-04-24T06:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-04-24T06:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://filecenter.deltaww.com/news/download/doc/Delta-PCSA-2026-00006_AS320T%20Multiple%20vulnerabilities%20(CVE-2026-1949,%201950,%201951,%201952).pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
When allocating a buffer for the purpose of transforming, converting, or encoding an input, allocate enough memory to handle the largest possible encoding. For example, in a routine that converts "&" characters to "&" for HTML entity encoding, the output buffer needs to be at least 5 times as large as the input buffer.
Mitigation MIT-36
- Understand the programming language's underlying representation and how it interacts with numeric calculation (CWE-681). Pay close attention to byte size discrepancies, precision, signed/unsigned distinctions, truncation, conversion and casting between types, "not-a-number" calculations, and how the language handles numbers that are too large or too small for its underlying representation. [REF-7]
- Also be careful to account for 32-bit, 64-bit, and other potential differences that may affect the numeric representation.
Mitigation MIT-8
Strategy: Input Validation
Perform input validation on any numeric input by ensuring that it is within the expected range. Enforce that the input meets both the minimum and maximum requirements for the expected range.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
When processing structured incoming data containing a size field followed by raw data, identify and resolve any inconsistencies between the size field and the actual size of the data (CWE-130).
Mitigation
When allocating memory that uses sentinels to mark the end of a data structure - such as NUL bytes in strings - make sure you also include the sentinel in your calculation of the total amount of memory that must be allocated.
Mitigation MIT-13
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Mitigation
Use sizeof() on the appropriate data type to avoid CWE-467.
Mitigation
Use the appropriate type for the desired action. For example, in C/C++, only use unsigned types for values that could never be negative, such as height, width, or other numbers related to quantity. This will simplify validation and will reduce surprises related to unexpected casting.
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Use libraries or frameworks that make it easier to handle numbers without unexpected consequences, or buffer allocation routines that automatically track buffer size.
- Examples include safe integer handling packages such as SafeInt (C++) or IntegerLib (C or C++). [REF-106]
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-26
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Examine compiler warnings closely and eliminate problems with potential security implications, such as signed / unsigned mismatch in memory operations, or use of uninitialized variables. Even if the weakness is rarely exploitable, a single failure may lead to the compromise of the entire system.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.