CWE-129
AllowedImproper Validation of Array Index
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
The product uses untrusted input when calculating or using an array index, but the product does not validate or incorrectly validates the index to ensure the index references a valid position within the array.
746 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HJ8V-M57H-Q9MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 12:31 – Updated: 2026-06-26 21:32In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: reject negative CO-RE accessor indices in bpf_core_parse_spec()
CO-RE accessor strings are colon-separated indices that describe a path from a root BTF type to a target field, e.g. "0:1:2" walks through nested struct members. bpf_core_parse_spec() parses each component with sscanf("%d"), so negative values like -1 are silently accepted. The subsequent bounds checks (access_idx >= btf_vlen(t)) only guard the upper bound and always pass for negative values because C integer promotion converts the __u16 btf_vlen result to int, making the comparison (int)(-1) >= (int)(N) false for any positive N.
When -1 reaches btf_member_bit_offset() it gets cast to u32 0xffffffff, producing an out-of-bounds read far past the members array. A crafted BPF program with a negative CO-RE accessor on any struct that exists in vmlinux BTF (e.g. task_struct) crashes the kernel deterministically during BPF_PROG_LOAD on any system with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF=y (default on major distributions). The bug is reachable with CAP_BPF:
BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffed11818b6626 #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 85 Comm: poc Not tainted 7.0.0-rc6 #18 PREEMPT(full) RIP: 0010:bpf_core_parse_spec (tools/lib/bpf/relo_core.c:354) RAX: 00000000ffffffff Call Trace: bpf_core_calc_relo_insn (tools/lib/bpf/relo_core.c:1321) bpf_core_apply (kernel/bpf/btf.c:9507) check_core_relo (kernel/bpf/verifier.c:19475) bpf_check (kernel/bpf/verifier.c:26031) bpf_prog_load (kernel/bpf/syscall.c:3089) __sys_bpf (kernel/bpf/syscall.c:6228)
CO-RE accessor indices are inherently non-negative (struct member index, array element index, or enumerator index), so reject them immediately after parsing.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45839"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-27T11:16:23Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: reject negative CO-RE accessor indices in bpf_core_parse_spec()\n\nCO-RE accessor strings are colon-separated indices that describe a path\nfrom a root BTF type to a target field, e.g. \"0:1:2\" walks through\nnested struct members. bpf_core_parse_spec() parses each component with\nsscanf(\"%d\"), so negative values like -1 are silently accepted. The\nsubsequent bounds checks (access_idx \u003e= btf_vlen(t)) only guard the\nupper bound and always pass for negative values because C integer\npromotion converts the __u16 btf_vlen result to int, making the\ncomparison (int)(-1) \u003e= (int)(N) false for any positive N.\n\nWhen -1 reaches btf_member_bit_offset() it gets cast to u32 0xffffffff,\nproducing an out-of-bounds read far past the members array. A crafted\nBPF program with a negative CO-RE accessor on any struct that exists in\nvmlinux BTF (e.g. task_struct) crashes the kernel deterministically\nduring BPF_PROG_LOAD on any system with CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF=y\n(default on major distributions). The bug is reachable with CAP_BPF:\n\n BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: ffffed11818b6626\n #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode\n #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page\n Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN NOPTI\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 85 Comm: poc Not tainted 7.0.0-rc6 #18 PREEMPT(full)\n RIP: 0010:bpf_core_parse_spec (tools/lib/bpf/relo_core.c:354)\n RAX: 00000000ffffffff\n Call Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n bpf_core_calc_relo_insn (tools/lib/bpf/relo_core.c:1321)\n bpf_core_apply (kernel/bpf/btf.c:9507)\n check_core_relo (kernel/bpf/verifier.c:19475)\n bpf_check (kernel/bpf/verifier.c:26031)\n bpf_prog_load (kernel/bpf/syscall.c:3089)\n __sys_bpf (kernel/bpf/syscall.c:6228)\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nCO-RE accessor indices are inherently non-negative (struct member index,\narray element index, or enumerator index), so reject them immediately\nafter parsing.",
"id": "GHSA-hj8v-m57h-q9mq",
"modified": "2026-06-26T21:32:04Z",
"published": "2026-05-27T12:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c22483a2c4bbf747787f328392ca3e68619c4dc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36a9012f76ba8d9189ae56a1f8bb7c87c07a1f3a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ff85ae79e1a74baeb916b78a63d821f6d19a994"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/669349b4612c26b3d7aacfa99d7174681bd19223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/76f2ebaf79a9ae6d0737b87f045fe769e425d78f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/99dbab7b5a12d8f58d5b0aa2f7a1fe656a70f4b2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a9e777f856cd2f1efc106afc7bf21aef868509d5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HJJX-H9PM-VGP8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:00In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, in policy mgr unit test if mode parameter in wlan function is given an out of bound value it can cause an out of bound access while accessing the PCL table.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11883"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-19T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, in policy mgr unit test if mode parameter in wlan function is given an out of bound value it can cause an out of bound access while accessing the PCL table.",
"id": "GHSA-hjjx-h9pm-vgp8",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11883"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.codeaurora.org/quic/la/platform/vendor/qcom-opensource/wlan/qcacld-3.0/commit/?id=5f21c4fa98f05423552da8716c80abfb7ca43091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.codeaurora.org/security-bulletin/2018/09/04/september-2018-code-aurora-security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMWH-65R2-R55J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2022-05-24 16:58FFmpeg before 4.2 has a heap-based buffer overflow in vqa_decode_chunk because of an out-of-array access in vqa_decode_init in libavcodec/vqavideo.c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17542"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-14T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "FFmpeg before 4.2 has a heap-based buffer overflow in vqa_decode_chunk because of an out-of-array access in vqa_decode_init in libavcodec/vqavideo.c.",
"id": "GHSA-hmwh-65r2-r55j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T16:58:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:58:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17542"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/02f909dc24b1f05cfbba75077c7707b905e63cd2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/detail?id=15919"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/12/msg00003.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/07/msg00022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-65"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4431-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4722"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HP8X-4H95-9799
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 09:30 – Updated: 2025-12-31 09:30FontForge SFD File Parsing Improper Validation of Array Index Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of FontForge. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of SFD files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated array. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-28563.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15270"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-31T07:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "FontForge SFD File Parsing Improper Validation of Array Index Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of FontForge. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of SFD files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated array. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-28563.",
"id": "GHSA-hp8x-4h95-9799",
"modified": "2025-12-31T09:30:18Z",
"published": "2025-12-31T09:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15270"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-1194"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HPMH-GXFC-P35H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-08 00:01 – Updated: 2021-12-09 00:01There is a Improper Validation of Array Index vulnerability in Huawei Smartphone.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to memory overflow and information leakage.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37062"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-07T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "There is a Improper Validation of Array Index vulnerability in Huawei Smartphone.Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to memory overflow and information leakage.",
"id": "GHSA-hpmh-gxfc-p35h",
"modified": "2021-12-09T00:01:38Z",
"published": "2021-12-08T00:01:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://device.harmonyos.com/en/docs/security/update/security-bulletins-202109-0000001196270727"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HPV8-X276-M59F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-05 22:21 – Updated: 2026-05-13 16:27Summary
This report explains a Token Injection vulnerability in vLLM’s multimodal processing. Unauthenticated, text-only prompts that spell special tokens are interpreted as control. Image and video placeholder sequences supplied without matching data cause vLLM to index into empty grids during input-position computation, raising an unhandled IndexError and terminating the worker or degrading availability. Multimodal paths that rely on image_grid_thw/video_grid_thw are affected. Severity: High (remote DoS). Reproduced on vLLM 0.10.0 with Qwen2.5-VL.
Details
- Affected component: multimodal input position computation.
- File/functions (paths are indicative):
- vllm/model_executor/layers/rotary_embedding.py
- get_input_positions_tensor(...)
- _vl_get_input_positions_tensor(...)
- Failure mechanism:
- The code counts detected vision tokens and then indexes video_grid_thw/image_grid_thw accordingly.
- When user input carries placeholder tokens but no actual multimodal payload, these grids are empty. The code does not bounds-check before indexing.
Representative snippet (context):
# vllm/model_executor/layers/rotary_embedding.py
@classmethod
def _vl_get_input_positions_tensor(
cls,
input_tokens,
hf_config,
image_grid_thw,
video_grid_thw,
...,
):
# detect video tokens
video_nums = (vision_tokens == video_token_id).sum()
# later in processing
t, h, w = (
video_grid_thw[video_index][0], # IndexError if no video data
video_grid_thw[video_index][1],
video_grid_thw[video_index][2],
)
Abbreviated call path:
OpenAI API request
→ vllm.v1.engine.core: step/execute_model
→ vllm.v1.worker.gpu_model_runner: _update_states/execute_model
→ vllm.model_executor.layers.rotary_embedding: get_input_positions_tensor
→ _vl_get_input_positions_tensor
→ IndexError: list index out of range
PoC
Environment
- vLLM: 0.10.0
- Model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct
- Launch server:
python -m vllm.entrypoints.openai.api_server \
--model Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct \
--port 8000
Request (text-only, no image/video data)
cat > request.json <<'JSON'
{
"model": "Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct",
"messages": [
{
"role": "user",
"content": [
{ "type": "text",
"text": "what's in picture <|vision_start|><|image_pad|><|vision_end|>" }
]
}
]
}
JSON
curl -s http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/chat/completions \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data @request.json
Observed result
- HTTP 500; logs show IndexError: list index out of range from _vl_get_input_positions_tensor(...).
- In some deployments, the worker exits and capacity remains reduced until manual restart.
Impact
- Type: Token Injection leading to Remote Denial of Service (unauthenticated). A single request can trigger the fault.
- Scope: Any vLLM deployment that serves VLMs and accepts raw user text via OpenAI-compatible endpoints (self-hosted or proxied/managed fronts).
- Effect: Request → unhandled exception in position computation → worker termination / service unavailability.
Fixes
- Changes associated with https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/issues/32656
Credits
Pengyu Ding (Infra Security, Ant Group)
Ziteng Xu (Infra Security, Ant Group)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "vllm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.6.1"
},
{
"fixed": "0.20.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-05T22:21:41Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T20:16:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\nThis report explains a Token Injection vulnerability in vLLM\u2019s multimodal processing. Unauthenticated, text-only prompts that spell special tokens are interpreted as control. Image and video placeholder sequences supplied without matching data cause vLLM to index into empty grids during input-position computation, raising an unhandled IndexError and terminating the worker or degrading availability. Multimodal paths that rely on `image_grid_thw`/`video_grid_thw` are affected. Severity: High (remote DoS). Reproduced on vLLM 0.10.0 with Qwen2.5-VL.\n\n## Details\n- Affected component: multimodal input position computation.\n- File/functions (paths are indicative):\n - vllm/model_executor/layers/rotary_embedding.py\n - get_input_positions_tensor(...)\n - _vl_get_input_positions_tensor(...)\n- Failure mechanism:\n - The code counts detected vision tokens and then indexes video_grid_thw/image_grid_thw accordingly.\n - When user input carries placeholder tokens but no actual multimodal payload, these grids are empty. The code does not bounds-check before indexing.\n\nRepresentative snippet (context):\n```python\n# vllm/model_executor/layers/rotary_embedding.py\n@classmethod\ndef _vl_get_input_positions_tensor(\n cls,\n input_tokens,\n hf_config,\n image_grid_thw,\n video_grid_thw,\n ...,\n):\n # detect video tokens\n video_nums = (vision_tokens == video_token_id).sum()\n # later in processing\n t, h, w = (\n video_grid_thw[video_index][0], # IndexError if no video data\n video_grid_thw[video_index][1],\n video_grid_thw[video_index][2],\n )\n```\n\nAbbreviated call path:\n```\nOpenAI API request\n \u2192 vllm.v1.engine.core: step/execute_model\n \u2192 vllm.v1.worker.gpu_model_runner: _update_states/execute_model\n \u2192 vllm.model_executor.layers.rotary_embedding: get_input_positions_tensor\n \u2192 _vl_get_input_positions_tensor\n \u2192 IndexError: list index out of range\n```\n\n## PoC\n### Environment\n- vLLM: 0.10.0\n- Model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct\n- Launch server:\n```bash\npython -m vllm.entrypoints.openai.api_server \\\n --model Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct \\\n --port 8000\n```\n\n### Request (text-only, no image/video data)\n```bash\ncat \u003e request.json \u003c\u003c\u0027JSON\u0027\n{\n \"model\": \"Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct\",\n \"messages\": [\n {\n \"role\": \"user\",\n \"content\": [\n { \"type\": \"text\",\n \"text\": \"what\u0027s in picture \u003c|vision_start|\u003e\u003c|image_pad|\u003e\u003c|vision_end|\u003e\" }\n ]\n }\n ]\n}\nJSON\n\ncurl -s http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/chat/completions \\\n -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n --data @request.json\n```\n\n### Observed result\n- HTTP 500; logs show IndexError: list index out of range from _vl_get_input_positions_tensor(...).\n- In some deployments, the worker exits and capacity remains reduced until manual restart.\n\n## Impact\n- Type: Token Injection leading to Remote Denial of Service (unauthenticated). A single request can trigger the fault.\n- Scope: Any vLLM deployment that serves VLMs and accepts raw user text via OpenAI-compatible endpoints (self-hosted or proxied/managed fronts).\n- Effect: Request \u2192 unhandled exception in position computation \u2192 worker termination / service unavailability.\n\n## Fixes\n\n* Changes associated with https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/issues/32656\n\n## Credits\nPengyu Ding (Infra Security, Ant Group) \nZiteng Xu (Infra Security, Ant Group)",
"id": "GHSA-hpv8-x276-m59f",
"modified": "2026-05-13T16:27:48Z",
"published": "2026-05-05T22:21:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-hpv8-x276-m59f"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/issues/32656"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "vLLM Vulnerable to Remote DoS via Special-Token Placeholders"
}
GHSA-HQ87-7XJ5-WQ55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-01 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-01 15:30Information disclosure when VI calibration state set by ADSP is greater than MAX_FBSP_STATE in the response payload to AFE calibration command.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-01T15:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Information disclosure when VI calibration state set by ADSP is greater than MAX_FBSP_STATE in the response payload to AFE calibration command.",
"id": "GHSA-hq87-7xj5-wq55",
"modified": "2024-04-01T15:30:29Z",
"published": "2024-04-01T15:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/april-2024-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HQF2-WQHM-8V23
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-15 00:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Safari 15.6. Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48503"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-14T23:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in tvOS 15.6, watchOS 8.7, iOS 15.6 and iPadOS 15.6, macOS Monterey 12.5, Safari 15.6. Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-hqf2-wqhm-8v23",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:45Z",
"published": "2023-08-15T00:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213342"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213346"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-48503"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HRFM-PMC4-P9MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-05 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:28Memory corruption in WLAN HAL while handling command through WMI interfaces.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28567"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-05T07:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption in WLAN HAL while handling command through WMI interfaces.",
"id": "GHSA-hrfm-pmc4-p9mw",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:28:18Z",
"published": "2023-09-05T09:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28567"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/september-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HVMM-9G5M-8458
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:44Out of bound memory read in Data modem while unpacking data due to lack of offset length check in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon IoT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice & Music, Snapdragon Wearables
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-11226"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-17T06:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out of bound memory read in Data modem while unpacking data due to lack of offset length check in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer IOT, Snapdragon Industrial IOT, Snapdragon IoT, Snapdragon Mobile, Snapdragon Voice \u0026 Music, Snapdragon Wearables",
"id": "GHSA-hvmm-9g5m-8458",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:44:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:44:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11226"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/march-2021-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-7
Strategy: Input Validation
Use an input validation framework such as Struts or the OWASP ESAPI Validation API. Note that using a framework does not automatically address all input validation problems; be mindful of weaknesses that could arise from misusing the framework itself (CWE-1173).
Mitigation MIT-15
- For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
- Even though client-side checks provide minimal benefits with respect to server-side security, they are still useful. First, they can support intrusion detection. If the server receives input that should have been rejected by the client, then it may be an indication of an attack. Second, client-side error-checking can provide helpful feedback to the user about the expectations for valid input. Third, there may be a reduction in server-side processing time for accidental input errors, although this is typically a small savings.
Mitigation MIT-3
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, Ada allows the programmer to constrain the values of a variable and languages such as Java and Ruby will allow the programmer to handle exceptions when an out-of-bounds index is accessed.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When accessing a user-controlled array index, use a stringent range of values that are within the target array. Make sure that you do not allow negative values to be used. That is, verify the minimum as well as the maximum of the range of acceptable values.
Mitigation MIT-35
Be especially careful to validate all input when invoking code that crosses language boundaries, such as from an interpreted language to native code. This could create an unexpected interaction between the language boundaries. Ensure that you are not violating any of the expectations of the language with which you are interfacing. For example, even though Java may not be susceptible to buffer overflows, providing a large argument in a call to native code might trigger an overflow.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.