CWE-122
AllowedHeap-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
6292 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CC5M-PGPM-8G33
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 21:34 – Updated: 2026-09-08 21:34In multiple locations, there is a possible memory safety issue due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49921"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T19:17:59Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In multiple locations, there is a possible memory safety issue due to a heap buffer overflow. This could lead to remote code execution with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-cc5m-pgpm-8g33",
"modified": "2026-09-08T21:34:16Z",
"published": "2026-09-08T21:34:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-09-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCCW-RXPJ-WFQF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-20 15:31In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
scsi: target: iscsi: Bound iscsi_encode_text_output() appends to rsp_buf
iscsi_encode_text_output() concatenates "key=value\0" records into login->rsp_buf, an 8192-byte kzalloc(MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS) buffer allocated in iscsit_alloc_login_setup_buffer(). The three sprintf() call sites in this function (lines 1398, 1411, 1424 in v7.1-rc2) never check the remaining buffer capacity:
*length += sprintf(output_buf, "%s=%s", er->key, er->value);
*length += 1;
output_buf = textbuf + *length;
The 8192-byte ceiling at iscsi_target_check_login_request() bounds the input Login PDU payload, but a single PDU can carry up to 2048 minimal four-byte "a=b\0" pairs, each unknown key expanding to a 16-byte "a=NotUnderstood\0" output record via iscsi_add_notunderstood_response(). 2048 * 16 = 32 KiB of output into an 8 KiB buffer, producing a ~24 KiB heap overrun in the kmalloc-8k slab.
The fix introduces a static iscsi_encode_text_record() helper that uses snprintf() with a per-call bounds check against the remaining buffer, and threads a u32 textbuf_size parameter through iscsi_encode_text_output(). Both call sites in iscsi_target_handle_csg_zero() (PHASE_SECURITY) and iscsi_target_handle_csg_one() (PHASE_OPERATIONAL) pass MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS. On overflow the encoder logs the condition, calls iscsi_release_extra_responses() to drop queued records, and returns -1; both caller sites now emit ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR / ISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR via iscsit_tx_login_rsp() before returning, so the initiator sees an explicit failed-login response rather than a silent connection drop. (Prior to this patch only the PHASE_OPERATIONAL caller did that; the PHASE_SECURITY caller is converted to the same shape.)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-63887"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-19T16:17:05Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nscsi: target: iscsi: Bound iscsi_encode_text_output() appends to rsp_buf\n\niscsi_encode_text_output() concatenates \"key=value\\0\" records into\nlogin-\u003ersp_buf, an 8192-byte kzalloc(MAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS) buffer\nallocated in iscsit_alloc_login_setup_buffer(). The three sprintf() call\nsites in this function (lines 1398, 1411, 1424 in v7.1-rc2) never check\nthe remaining buffer capacity:\n\n\t*length += sprintf(output_buf, \"%s=%s\", er-\u003ekey, er-\u003evalue);\n\t*length += 1;\n\toutput_buf = textbuf + *length;\n\nThe 8192-byte ceiling at iscsi_target_check_login_request() bounds the\n*input* Login PDU payload, but a single PDU can carry up to 2048 minimal\nfour-byte \"a=b\\0\" pairs, each unknown key expanding to a 16-byte\n\"a=NotUnderstood\\0\" output record via iscsi_add_notunderstood_response().\n2048 * 16 = 32 KiB of output into an 8 KiB buffer, producing a ~24 KiB\nheap overrun in the kmalloc-8k slab.\n\nThe fix introduces a static iscsi_encode_text_record() helper that uses\nsnprintf() with a per-call bounds check against the remaining buffer,\nand threads a u32 textbuf_size parameter through\niscsi_encode_text_output(). Both call sites in\niscsi_target_handle_csg_zero() (PHASE_SECURITY) and\niscsi_target_handle_csg_one() (PHASE_OPERATIONAL) pass\nMAX_KEY_VALUE_PAIRS. On overflow the encoder logs the condition, calls\niscsi_release_extra_responses() to drop queued records, and returns -1;\nboth caller sites now emit ISCSI_STATUS_CLS_INITIATOR_ERR /\nISCSI_LOGIN_STATUS_INIT_ERR via iscsit_tx_login_rsp() before returning,\nso the initiator sees an explicit failed-login response rather than a\nsilent connection drop. (Prior to this patch only the PHASE_OPERATIONAL\ncaller did that; the PHASE_SECURITY caller is converted to the same\nshape.)",
"id": "GHSA-cccw-rxpj-wfqf",
"modified": "2026-07-20T15:31:50Z",
"published": "2026-07-19T18:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63887"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26e4a304b7e6f1338c675d527608d32549c091db"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30bf335e8fe170322080ee001f05ca29c50680b3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4e9f0c4a645c995bc75c06c7b3644254ffb4c76b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/594a40360012ce5f94c715d5e3b20fa3af7d525a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b19382dfc6e7dee6d3859ba44b6ca29e97a51627"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf33e01f88388c43e285492a63e539df6ffed64c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb84e974fb172bc71386289f37b78ea679410b39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/efe633e600a0ac68357206fede21b1ac8178f3b8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCHF-XM65-F24C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-04 18:33 – Updated: 2025-03-04 21:30An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the ma_dr_flac__decode_samples__lpc functionality of Miniaudio miniaudio v0.11.21. A specially crafted .flac file can lead to memory corruption. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41147"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T18:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the ma_dr_flac__decode_samples__lpc functionality of Miniaudio miniaudio v0.11.21. A specially crafted .flac file can lead to memory corruption. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-cchf-xm65-f24c",
"modified": "2025-03-04T21:30:55Z",
"published": "2025-03-04T18:33:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2024-2063"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCHQ-MXQ6-H6MG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-25 18:31Substance3D - Designer is affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48430"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-25T18:17:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Substance3D - Designer is affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-cchq-mxq6-h6mg",
"modified": "2026-08-25T18:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-08-25T18:31:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_designer/apsb26-115.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CCV3-9XCW-9PW4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 21:36 – Updated: 2026-10-13 21:36Integer overflow or wraparound in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-88163"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T19:21:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Integer overflow or wraparound in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-ccv3-9xcw-9pw4",
"modified": "2026-10-13T21:36:48Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T21:36:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-88163"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-88163"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CF52-MP5C-RW57
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 21:37 – Updated: 2026-10-13 21:37Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Outlook allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-97016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T19:22:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Outlook allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-cf52-mp5c-rw57",
"modified": "2026-10-13T21:37:10Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T21:37:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-97016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-97016"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CF57-GWF5-GMQW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 18:32 – Updated: 2026-09-08 18:32Heap-based buffer overflow in Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-62810"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T18:18:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-cf57-gwf5-gmqw",
"modified": "2026-09-08T18:32:07Z",
"published": "2026-09-08T18:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-62810"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-62810"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CF7W-25XQ-3C4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 18:33 – Updated: 2026-09-08 18:33Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-81386"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T18:20:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
"id": "GHSA-cf7w-25xq-3c4x",
"modified": "2026-09-08T18:33:31Z",
"published": "2026-09-08T18:33:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-81386"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFF6-WJC9-GPCJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-11 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-11 18:31Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-68801"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-11T17:19:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
"id": "GHSA-cff6-wjc9-gpcj",
"modified": "2026-08-11T18:31:43Z",
"published": "2026-08-11T18:31:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-68801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-68801"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CFFX-6VCW-29FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-13 21:32 – Updated: 2026-10-13 21:32Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Storage allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-102191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-13T19:17:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Storage allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-cffx-6vcw-29ff",
"modified": "2026-10-13T21:32:35Z",
"published": "2026-10-13T21:32:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-102191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-102191"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.
Mitigation
Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.