Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-121

Allowed

Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

5471 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-X7P7-M6XG-RH5F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details

Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the handle_interface_acl function with the interface variable when in_acl is -1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25089"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the handle_interface_acl function with the interface variable when in_acl is -1.",
  "id": "GHSA-x7p7-m6xg-rh5f",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:34Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25089"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X7VM-HC8M-78P7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-29 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

D-Link DIR-823G A1V1.0.2B05 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the Cookie parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input, and possibly remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-27656"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-29T20:15:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "D-Link DIR-823G A1V1.0.2B05 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the Cookie parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input, and possibly remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-x7vm-hc8m-78p7",
  "modified": "2024-08-01T15:31:29Z",
  "published": "2024-02-29T21:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27656"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://calm-healer-839.notion.site/D-LINK-DIR-823G-OOBW-0x41E2A0-8ea57277c7cd4ea18dbc40bcb41a98f2?pvs=4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X8F8-M69M-RVH6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-12 21:32 – Updated: 2025-09-15 18:31
VLAI
Details

A stack overflow in the FTP service of Audi UTR 2.0 Universal Traffic Recorder 2.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-45587"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-12T21:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A stack overflow in the FTP service of Audi UTR 2.0 Universal Traffic Recorder 2.0 allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input.",
  "id": "GHSA-x8f8-m69m-rvh6",
  "modified": "2025-09-15T18:31:06Z",
  "published": "2025-09-12T21:32:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45587"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://2barbie.notion.site/2024-Audi-UTR-2-0-Report-1bff0be688c680cb8795efe78732f8b9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X945-8RV2-29J8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-20 18:30 – Updated: 2025-08-20 18:30
VLAI
Details

Magix Musik Maker 16 is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow due to improper handling of .mmm arrangement files. The vulnerability arises from an unsafe strcpy() operation that fails to validate input length, allowing attackers to overwrite the Structured Exception Handler (SEH). By crafting a malicious .mmm file, an attacker can trigger the overflow when the file is opened, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability was remediated in version 17.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-10021"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-20T16:15:34Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Magix Musik Maker 16 is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow due to improper handling of .mmm arrangement files. The vulnerability arises from an unsafe strcpy() operation that fails to validate input length, allowing attackers to overwrite the Structured Exception Handler (SEH). By crafting a malicious .mmm file, an attacker can trigger the overflow when the file is opened, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability was remediated in version 17.",
  "id": "GHSA-x945-8rv2-29j8",
  "modified": "2025-08-20T18:30:21Z",
  "published": "2025-08-20T18:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-10021"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/windows/fileformat/magix_musikmaker_16_mmm.rb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110503060356/https://www.corelan.be/index.php/forum/security-advisories/corelan-11-002-magix-music-maker-16-stack-buffer-overflow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/another-researcher-hit-with-threat-of-german-anti-hacking-law"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/17313"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/17329"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.magix.com/us/music-editing/music-maker"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/magix-musik-maker-stack-based-buffer-overflow"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X94X-R6X8-8HC2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30
VLAI
Details

D-Link DAP-2622 DDP Set IPv6 Address Default Gateway Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2622 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the DDP service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-20094.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-37316"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "D-Link DAP-2622 DDP Set IPv6 Address Default Gateway Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-2622 routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the DDP service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-20094.",
  "id": "GHSA-x94x-r6x8-8hc2",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:53Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:30:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37316"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1270"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X9PW-QP8J-96F9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-20 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-24 15:30
VLAI
Details

FW-WGS-804HPT v1.305b241111 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the ruleNamekey parameter in the web_acl_mgmt_Rules_Apply_post function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-44893"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-20T20:15:42Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "FW-WGS-804HPT v1.305b241111 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the ruleNamekey parameter in the web_acl_mgmt_Rules_Apply_post function.",
  "id": "GHSA-x9pw-qp8j-96f9",
  "modified": "2025-11-24T15:30:27Z",
  "published": "2025-05-20T21:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44893"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xyqer1/Planet-web_acl_mgmt_Rules_Apply_post-ruleName-StackOverflow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lafdrew.github.io/2025/04/20/web-acl-mgmt-Rules-Apply-post-ruleName"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lafdrew/lafdrew.github.io/7e2c4ab83017611974e61aa1384c2563ec008f49/2025/04/18/web-aaa-loginAuthlistEdit-get-authName-StackOverflow/index.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X9VV-QXV4-8P6C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-01 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-01 18:30
VLAI
Details

An unauthenticated Denial-of-Service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the Radio Frequency Manager service accessed via the PAPI protocol. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to interrupt the normal operation of the affected service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-33518"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-01T17:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An unauthenticated Denial-of-Service (DoS) vulnerability exists in the Radio Frequency Manager service accessed via the PAPI protocol. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to interrupt the normal operation of the affected service.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-x9vv-qxv4-8p6c",
  "modified": "2024-05-01T18:30:42Z",
  "published": "2024-05-01T18:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33518"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2024-004.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-X9X8-4XVF-MWJP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-10 18:30 – Updated: 2024-09-10 18:30
VLAI
Details

Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38246"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-10T17:15:29Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-x9x8-4xvf-mwjp",
  "modified": "2024-09-10T18:30:46Z",
  "published": "2024-09-10T18:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38246"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-38246"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XC34-CFV4-4F42

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-10 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-12 21:31
VLAI
Details

TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the addEffect parameter of the urldecode function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-63154"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-10T16:15:45Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "TOTOLink A7000R V9.1.0u.6115_B20201022 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the addEffect parameter of the urldecode function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.",
  "id": "GHSA-xc34-cfv4-4f42",
  "modified": "2025-11-12T21:31:06Z",
  "published": "2025-11-10T18:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63154"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/0-fool/VulnbyCola/blob/main/TOTOLINK/A7000/4/1.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-XC49-QJ7M-VPP4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:13 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:13
VLAI
Details

zsh through version 5.4.2 is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow in the exec.c:hashcmd() function. A local attacker could exploit this to cause a denial of service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1071"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-03-09T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "zsh through version 5.4.2 is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow in the exec.c:hashcmd() function. A local attacker could exploit this to cause a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-xc49-qj7m-vpp4",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:13:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:13:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1071"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3073"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2018-1071"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1553531"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/03/msg00038.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/12/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201805-10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3608-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103359"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

Mitigation
Implementation

Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.

Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.