CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5837 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QV24-HPF6-28R6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-11 18:30Several stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1. A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger these vulnerabilities.When Tag is 131
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66047"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T17:15:58Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Several stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.1. A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger these vulnerabilities.When Tag is 131",
"id": "GHSA-qv24-hpf6-28r6",
"modified": "2025-12-11T18:30:45Z",
"published": "2025-12-11T18:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2296"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QV33-M6VQ-MQMR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-06 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-06 00:31A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in Tapo C520WS v2 in the ONVIF DeleteUsers service, due to insufficient boundary checks when handling multiple user deletion parameters. An authenticated attacker can send a crafted malicious request containing an excessive number of identifiers to overflow stack memory.
Successful exploitation may result in a service crash or deadlock, leading to DoS affecting device management and monitoring functionality.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6240"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-06T00:16:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in Tapo C520WS v2 in the ONVIF DeleteUsers service, due to insufficient boundary checks when handling multiple user deletion parameters. An authenticated attacker can send a crafted malicious request containing an excessive number of identifiers to overflow stack memory.\n\nSuccessful exploitation may result in a service crash or deadlock, leading to DoS affecting device management and monitoring functionality.",
"id": "GHSA-qv33-m6vq-mqmr",
"modified": "2026-06-06T00:31:38Z",
"published": "2026-06-06T00:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/tapo-c520ws/#Firmware-Release-Notes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/tapo-c520ws/#Firmware-Release-Notes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5120"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QV5V-G96W-753M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:31Certain HP LaserJet Pro, HP LaserJet Enterprise, and HP LaserJet Managed Printers may potentially be vulnerable to Remote Code Execution and Elevation of Privilege when processing a PostScript print job.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26506"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-14T17:15:22Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Certain HP LaserJet Pro, HP LaserJet Enterprise, and HP LaserJet Managed Printers may potentially be vulnerable to Remote Code Execution and Elevation of Privilege when processing a PostScript print job.",
"id": "GHSA-qv5v-g96w-753m",
"modified": "2026-01-15T15:31:13Z",
"published": "2025-02-14T18:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_11953771-11953793-16/hpsbpi04007"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QV6J-G65V-6HCC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-10-06 21:31 – Updated: 2026-10-06 21:31On affected Arista Wi-Fi access points with captive portal, or application firewall enabled on at least one SSID, a vulnerability in the wireless gateway service could allow an unauthenticated network-adjacent attacker to send a crafted packet that triggers a stack overflow, resulting in a denial-of-service condition or potentially execute arbitrary code on the device. The wireless gateway service is automatically restarted after a crash, allowing repeated exploitation attempts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-102162"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-10-06T20:17:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "On affected Arista Wi-Fi access points with captive portal, or application firewall enabled on at least one SSID, a vulnerability in the wireless gateway service could allow an unauthenticated network-adjacent attacker to send a crafted packet that triggers a stack overflow, resulting in a denial-of-service condition or potentially execute arbitrary code on the device. The wireless gateway service is automatically restarted after a crash, allowing repeated exploitation attempts.",
"id": "GHSA-qv6j-g65v-6hcc",
"modified": "2026-10-06T21:31:53Z",
"published": "2026-10-06T21:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-102162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arista.com/en/support/advisories-notices/security-advisory/24809-security-advisory-0193"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-QV79-34FP-FR62
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-10 18:31Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd Tenda W3 Wireless Router v1.0.0.3(2204) was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the wl_radio parameter of the formwrlSSIDget function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-36772"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T19:17:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd Tenda W3 Wireless Router v1.0.0.3(2204) was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the wl_radio parameter of the formwrlSSIDget function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted input.",
"id": "GHSA-qv79-34fp-fr62",
"modified": "2026-06-10T18:31:44Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T21:32:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-36772"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xhh0124/SemVulLLM/tree/main/W3/formwrlSSIDget"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QVHF-98CJ-8779
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-20 15:31TOTOLINK A3002RU V2.1.1-B20211108.1455 was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow via the routernamer`parameter in the formDnsv6 function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26731"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-17T19:21:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A3002RU V2.1.1-B20211108.1455 was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow via the routernamer`parameter in the formDnsv6 function.",
"id": "GHSA-qvhf-98cj-8779",
"modified": "2026-02-20T15:31:00Z",
"published": "2026-02-17T21:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xmania/cve/tree/main/TOTOLINK-A3002RU-boa-formDnsv6-StackOverflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QVQM-CCP5-GR98
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-08 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-08 21:31Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd Tenda AC1206 v15.03.06.23 was discovered to contain multiple stack overflows in the fromGstDhcpSetSer function via the username and password parameters. These vulnerabilities allow attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted HTTP request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-36789"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-08T15:16:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd Tenda AC1206 v15.03.06.23 was discovered to contain multiple stack overflows in the fromGstDhcpSetSer function via the username and password parameters. These vulnerabilities allow attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted HTTP request.",
"id": "GHSA-qvqm-ccp5-gr98",
"modified": "2026-06-08T21:31:49Z",
"published": "2026-06-08T15:32:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-36789"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xhh0124/SemVulLLM/tree/main/AC1206/fromGstDhcpSetSer"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QVR7-W9FR-343X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-19 00:01 – Updated: 2022-03-01 00:00This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley MicroStation CONNECT 10.16.0.80. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of DGN files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-15510.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46638"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-18T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley MicroStation CONNECT 10.16.0.80. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of DGN files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-15510.",
"id": "GHSA-qvr7-w9fr-343x",
"modified": "2022-03-01T00:00:56Z",
"published": "2022-02-19T00:01:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bentley.com/en/common-vulnerability-exposure/BE-2021-0009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-225"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-QVWW-5M45-9X54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2025-04-18 15:31Tenda AC10 V4.0si_V16.03.10.20 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in AdvSetMacMtuWan via wanMTU2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-25455"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-17T18:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda AC10 V4.0si_V16.03.10.20 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in AdvSetMacMtuWan via wanMTU2.",
"id": "GHSA-qvww-5m45-9x54",
"modified": "2025-04-18T15:31:37Z",
"published": "2025-04-17T18:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25455"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/xyqer1/6c865a9ec44b4797e78b6765cd5c84e5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/xyqer1/Tenda-AC10-AdvSetMacMtuWan-wanMTU2-StackOverflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QVXG-WJXC-R4GG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 16:11 – Updated: 2023-06-07 16:11Vapor is an HTTP web framework for Swift. Vapor versions earlier than 4.61.1 are vulnerable to a denial of service in the URLEncodedFormDecoder.
Impact
When using automatic content decoding, e.g.
app.post("foo") { request -> String in
let foo = try request.content.decode(Foo.self)
return "\(foo)"
}
An attacker can craft a request body that can make the server crash with the following request:
curl -d "array[_0][0][array][_0][0][array]$(for f in $(seq 1100); do echo -n '[_0][0][array]'; done)[string][_0]=hello%20world" http://localhost:8080/foo
The issue is unbounded, attacker controlled stack growth which will at some point lead to a stack overflow.
Patches
Fixed in 4.61.1
Workarounds
If you don't need to decode Form URL Encoded data, you can disable the ContentConfiguration so it won't be used. E.g. in configure.swift
var contentConfig = ContentConfiguration()
contentConfig.use(encoder: JSONEncoder.custom(dates: .iso8601), for: .json)
contentConfig.use(decoder: JSONDecoder.custom(dates: .iso8601), for: .json)
contentConfig.use(encoder: JSONEncoder.custom(dates: .iso8601), for: .jsonAPI)
contentConfig.use(decoder: JSONDecoder.custom(dates: .iso8601), for: .jsonAPI)
ContentConfiguration.global = contentConfig
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in the Vapor repo * Ask in Vapor Discord
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "SwiftURL",
"name": "github.com/vapor/vapor"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.61.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31019"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-121",
"CWE-674"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-07T16:11:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-09T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vapor is an HTTP web framework for Swift. Vapor versions earlier than 4.61.1 are vulnerable to a denial of service in the URLEncodedFormDecoder.\n\n### Impact\nWhen using automatic content decoding, e.g. \n\n```swift\napp.post(\"foo\") { request -\u003e String in\n let foo = try request.content.decode(Foo.self)\n return \"\\(foo)\"\n}\n```\n\nAn attacker can craft a request body that can make the server crash with the following request:\n\n```\ncurl -d \"array[_0][0][array][_0][0][array]$(for f in $(seq 1100); do echo -n \u0027[_0][0][array]\u0027; done)[string][_0]=hello%20world\" http://localhost:8080/foo\n```\n\nThe issue is unbounded, attacker controlled stack growth which will at some point lead to a stack overflow.\n\n### Patches\nFixed in 4.61.1\n\n### Workarounds\nIf you don\u0027t need to decode Form URL Encoded data, you can disable the `ContentConfiguration` so it won\u0027t be used. E.g. in **configure.swift**\n\n```swift\nvar contentConfig = ContentConfiguration()\ncontentConfig.use(encoder: JSONEncoder.custom(dates: .iso8601), for: .json)\ncontentConfig.use(decoder: JSONDecoder.custom(dates: .iso8601), for: .json)\ncontentConfig.use(encoder: JSONEncoder.custom(dates: .iso8601), for: .jsonAPI)\ncontentConfig.use(decoder: JSONDecoder.custom(dates: .iso8601), for: .jsonAPI)\nContentConfiguration.global = contentConfig\n```\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [the Vapor repo](https://github.com/vapor/vapor)\n* Ask in [Vapor Discord](http://vapor.team)",
"id": "GHSA-qvxg-wjxc-r4gg",
"modified": "2023-06-07T16:11:16Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T16:11:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vapor/vapor/security/advisories/GHSA-qvxg-wjxc-r4gg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vapor/vapor/commit/6c63226a4ab82ce53730eb1afb9ca63866fcf033"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/vapor/vapor"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Vapor vulnerable to denial of service in URLEncodedFormDecoder"
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.