Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-121

Allowed

Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

5783 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-FQ33-769W-5P63

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-25 15:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34
VLAI
Details

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 9090 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 64:

            else if (tag==64)     //0x40
            {
                // preamble
                char tmp[256];  // [1]
                curPos += ifread(tmp,1,len,hdr);

In this case, the overflowed buffer is the newly-declared tmp [1] instead of buf. While tmp is larger than buf, having a size of 256 bytes, a stack overflow can still occur in cases where len is encoded using multiple octets and is greater than 256.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54490"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-25T14:15:35Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 9090 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 64:\n\n                else if (tag==64)     //0x40\n                {\n                    // preamble\n                    char tmp[256];  // [1]\n                    curPos += ifread(tmp,1,len,hdr);\n\nIn this case, the overflowed buffer is the newly-declared `tmp` \\[1\\] instead of `buf`. While `tmp` is larger than `buf`, having a size of 256 bytes, a stack overflow can still occur in cases where `len` is encoded using multiple octets and is greater than 256.",
  "id": "GHSA-fq33-769w-5p63",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:23Z",
  "published": "2025-08-25T15:32:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54490"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FQ5J-FR24-X4P4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-25 15:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34
VLAI
Details

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-46411"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-25T14:15:31Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-fq5j-fr24-x4p4",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:23Z",
  "published": "2025-08-25T15:32:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46411"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2236"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2236"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FQ87-2RVP-5478

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-17 03:34 – Updated: 2026-09-17 03:34
VLAI
Details

The Affinity by Canva application before 3.3.0 (September 2026 release) did not perform adequate bounds checking when parsing Affinity document files leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. A threat actor could craft a Affinity document that when opened by a user in Affinity could result in arbitrary code execution.

Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-81546"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-17T02:16:27Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Affinity by Canva application before 3.3.0 (September 2026 release) did not perform adequate bounds checking when parsing Affinity document files leading to a stack-based buffer overflow. A threat actor could craft a Affinity document that when opened by a user in Affinity could result in arbitrary code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-fq87-2rvp-5478",
  "modified": "2026-09-17T03:34:22Z",
  "published": "2026-09-17T03:34:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81546"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://trust.canva.com?tcuUid=43596908-8a36-4a18-b2e7-5c99b67ab38a"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FQ97-4FF2-MRGG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:08
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-1330 1.13B01 BETA routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the Cookie HTTP header. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-12028.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-34830"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-15T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DAP-1330 1.13B01 BETA routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the Cookie HTTP header. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-12028.",
  "id": "GHSA-fq97-4ff2-mrgg",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:08:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:08:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34830"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-682"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-FQHM-4H5C-2W8Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-27 21:31
VLAI
Details

schreibfaul1 ESP32-audioI2S 3.4.5 has a buffer overflow vulnerability in UnpackFrameHeader(). Multiple attacker-controlled index parameters are used to access static and heap table arrays without range limitation. Invalid index values lead to out-of-bounds memory writing and heap buffer overflow.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-51244"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-27T19:17:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "schreibfaul1 ESP32-audioI2S 3.4.5 has a buffer overflow vulnerability in UnpackFrameHeader(). Multiple attacker-controlled index parameters are used to access static and heap table arrays without range limitation. Invalid index values lead to out-of-bounds memory writing and heap buffer overflow.",
  "id": "GHSA-fqhm-4h5c-2w8q",
  "modified": "2026-07-27T21:31:21Z",
  "published": "2026-07-27T21:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-51244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/programmervuln/cveadvisory-/blob/main/CVE-2026-51244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/schreibfaul1/ESP32-audioI2S/blob/master/src/mp3_decoder/mp3_decoder.cpp"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FQHM-H86X-QRV9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 12:32 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:27
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in Xpedition Layout Browser (All versions < VX.2.14). Affected application contains a stack overflow vulnerability when parsing a PCB file. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30900"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T11:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Xpedition Layout Browser (All versions \u003c VX.2.14). Affected application contains a stack overflow vulnerability when parsing a PCB file. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process.",
  "id": "GHSA-fqhm-h86x-qrv9",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:27:45Z",
  "published": "2023-10-10T12:32:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30900"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-829656.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FQM9-QQWF-GQ9R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-23 21:30 – Updated: 2026-01-19 06:30
VLAI
Details

Stack-overflow in fig2dev in version 3.2.9a allows an attacker possible code execution via local input manipulation via bezier_spline function.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-46397"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-120",
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-23T21:15:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Stack-overflow\u00a0in fig2dev in version 3.2.9a allows an attacker possible code execution via local input manipulation via bezier_spline function.",
  "id": "GHSA-fqm9-qqwf-gq9r",
  "modified": "2026-01-19T06:30:27Z",
  "published": "2025-04-23T21:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0700"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0704"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0705"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0756"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-46397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2362058"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00043.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/mcj/tickets/192"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FQR4-2VMH-PHGQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-07 21:31 – Updated: 2025-05-12 21:31
VLAI
Details

Tenda FH451 V1.0.0.9 has a stack overflow vulnerability in the function.frmL7ImForm.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-45514"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-07T19:16:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Tenda FH451 V1.0.0.9 has a stack overflow vulnerability in the function.frmL7ImForm.",
  "id": "GHSA-fqr4-2vmh-phgq",
  "modified": "2025-05-12T21:31:07Z",
  "published": "2025-05-07T21:31:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45514"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Eu21ka/cve_report/blob/master/The_router_Tenda_FH451_V1.0.0.9_of_Shenzhen_Jixiang_Tenda_Technology_Co.%2C_Ltd._has_a_stack_overflow_vulnerability_2.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FR2Q-H4VV-R9CC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-28 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Netatalk. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the setfilparams function. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-15837.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23122"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-28T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Netatalk. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the setfilparams function. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-15837.",
  "id": "GHSA-fr2q-h4vv-r9cc",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:33Z",
  "published": "2023-03-28T21:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23122"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/05/msg00018.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://netatalk.sourceforge.io/3.1/ReleaseNotes3.1.13.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5503"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/709991"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-529"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-FR49-R522-PMCP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-03 00:30 – Updated: 2025-08-03 00:30
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA vGPU software contains a vulnerability in the Virtual GPU Manager, where a malicious guest could cause a stack buffer overflow. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, denial of service, information disclosure, or data tampering.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-23284"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-02T23:15:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA vGPU software contains a vulnerability in the Virtual GPU Manager, where a malicious guest could cause a stack buffer overflow. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, denial of service, information disclosure, or data tampering.",
  "id": "GHSA-fr49-r522-pmcp",
  "modified": "2025-08-03T00:30:25Z",
  "published": "2025-08-03T00:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-23284"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5670"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

Mitigation
Implementation

Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.

Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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