CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5232 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9WCC-FP9G-MCJC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-07 18:31 – Updated: 2024-10-07 21:33D-Link COVR-2600R FW101b05 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow. In the function sub_24E28, the HTTP_REFERER is obtained through an environment variable, and this field is controllable, allowing it to be used as the value for src.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44674"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-07T18:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "D-Link COVR-2600R FW101b05 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow. In the function sub_24E28, the HTTP_REFERER is obtained through an environment variable, and this field is controllable, allowing it to be used as the value for src.",
"id": "GHSA-9wcc-fp9g-mcjc",
"modified": "2024-10-07T21:33:30Z",
"published": "2024-10-07T18:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/REYu6/iot/blob/21e59c0cf491a9663423c515370c4fcb43436ae0/CVE/dlink/Covr-3902/2600R.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WF6-V3PW-M2HH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-09 00:00A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the confsrv set_port_fwd_rule functionality of TCL LinkHub Mesh Wifi MS1G_00_01.00_14. A specially-crafted network packet can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker can send a malicious packet to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23399"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-05T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the confsrv set_port_fwd_rule functionality of TCL LinkHub Mesh Wifi MS1G_00_01.00_14. A specially-crafted network packet can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. An attacker can send a malicious packet to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-9wf6-v3pw-m2hh",
"modified": "2022-08-09T00:00:21Z",
"published": "2022-08-06T00:00:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23399"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1454"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WFQ-RQG3-9FM2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-25 15:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12:
else if (tag==12) //0x0C
{
// sampling resolution
if (len>6) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i>6\n",len);
val32 = 0;
int8_t v8;
curPos += ifread(&UnitCode,1,1,hdr);
curPos += ifread(&v8,1,1,hdr);
curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr);
In addition to values of len greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of len smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing len-2 in this code path.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54487"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-25T14:15:34Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8842 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 12:\n\n else if (tag==12) //0x0C\n {\n // sampling resolution\n if (len\u003e6) fprintf(stderr,\"Warning MFER tag12 incorrect length %i\u003e6\\n\",len);\n val32 = 0;\n int8_t v8;\n curPos += ifread(\u0026UnitCode,1,1,hdr);\n curPos += ifread(\u0026v8,1,1,hdr);\n curPos += ifread(buf,1,len-2,hdr);\n\nIn addition to values of `len` greater than 130 triggering a buffer overflow, a value of `len` smaller than 2 will also trigger a buffer overflow due to an integer underflow when computing `len-2` in this code path.",
"id": "GHSA-9wfq-rqg3-9fm2",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:23Z",
"published": "2025-08-25T15:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WFW-3RHC-XC4G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2023-06-26 21:30A vulnerability has been identified in Simcenter Femap V2020.2 (All versions), Simcenter Femap V2021.1 (All versions). Affected application contains a stack based buffer overflow vulnerability while parsing NEU files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-15085, ZDI-CAN-15289, ZDI-CAN-15602)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46158"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-1284",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in Simcenter Femap V2020.2 (All versions), Simcenter Femap V2021.1 (All versions). Affected application contains a stack based buffer overflow vulnerability while parsing NEU files. This could allow an attacker to execute code in the context of the current process. (ZDI-CAN-15085, ZDI-CAN-15289, ZDI-CAN-15602)",
"id": "GHSA-9wfw-3rhc-xc4g",
"modified": "2023-06-26T21:30:56Z",
"published": "2022-02-10T00:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46158"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-609880.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-313"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WGQ-FHM2-PJF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-24 19:00 – Updated: 2024-09-30 15:30Command injection and multiple stack-based buffer overflows vulnerabilities in the modifyUserb_func function of spx_restservice allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code with the same privileges as the server user (root). This issue affects: Lanner Inc IAC-AST2500A standard firmware version 1.10.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26731"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-24T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command injection and multiple stack-based buffer overflows vulnerabilities in the modifyUserb_func function of spx_restservice allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code with the same privileges as the server user (root). This issue affects: Lanner Inc IAC-AST2500A standard firmware version 1.10.0.",
"id": "GHSA-9wgq-fhm2-pjf3",
"modified": "2024-09-30T15:30:43Z",
"published": "2022-10-24T19:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelist/blob/master/2021/26xxx/CVE-2021-26731.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/blog/vulnerabilities-in-bmc-firmware-affect-ot-iot-device-security-part-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories/CVE-2021-26731"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WWG-9QF5-Q4V9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-26 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-26 21:31A vulnerability was found in Tenda AX1806 1.0.0.1 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function formSetRebootTimer of the file /goform/SetRebootTimer. The manipulation of the argument rebootTime leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-262130 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4239"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-26T21:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda AX1806 1.0.0.1 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function formSetRebootTimer of the file /goform/SetRebootTimer. The manipulation of the argument rebootTime leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-262130 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-9wwg-9qf5-q4v9",
"modified": "2024-04-26T21:31:12Z",
"published": "2024-04-26T21:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4239"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AX/AX1806/formSetRebootTimer.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.262130"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.262130"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.319235"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9WXJ-34V7-JHH3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-12 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the "cc" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd s_schd, at 0x9d01a21c, the value for the oncmd key is copied using strcpy to the buffer at $sp+0x2d0.This buffer is 100 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16297"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-11T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the \"cc\" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd s_schd, at 0x9d01a21c, the value for the `oncmd` key is copied using `strcpy` to the buffer at `$sp+0x2d0`.This buffer is 100 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-9wxj-34v7-jhh3",
"modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-01-12T00:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0483"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9XJJ-M9G5-J77F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-20 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-21 18:30The Tenda TX9 V22.03.02.05 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability in the sub_4418CC function of the file /goform/SetNetControlList.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51311"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-20T21:16:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Tenda TX9 V22.03.02.05 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability in the sub_4418CC function of the file /goform/SetNetControlList.",
"id": "GHSA-9xjj-m9g5-j77f",
"modified": "2026-07-21T18:30:55Z",
"published": "2026-07-20T21:31:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/GXB0_0/iot-vul/blob/master/Tenda/TX9/20/SetNetControlList.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tendacn.com/download/detail-4515.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C23F-2MJW-H676
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-23 18:33 – Updated: 2024-08-23 18:33Tenda FH1206 V1.2.0.8(8155)_EN contains a Buffer Overflow vulnerability via the functino formWrlExtraGet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44387"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-23T17:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1206 V1.2.0.8(8155)_EN contains a Buffer Overflow vulnerability via the functino formWrlExtraGet.",
"id": "GHSA-c23f-2mjw-h676",
"modified": "2024-08-23T18:33:03Z",
"published": "2024-08-23T18:33:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44387"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GroundCTL2MajorTom/pocs/blob/main/tenda_FH1206_buffer_overflow1.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C24V-PM2Q-FF7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-12 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-23 18:30Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the "cc" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd sn_raw, at 0x9d01aad8, the value for the d key is copied using strcpy to the buffer at $sp+0x334.This buffer is 100 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16299"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-11T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the \"cc\" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd sn_raw, at 0x9d01aad8, the value for the `d` key is copied using `strcpy` to the buffer at `$sp+0x334`.This buffer is 100 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-c24v-pm2q-ff7p",
"modified": "2023-01-23T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-01-12T00:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0483"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.