Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-121

Allowed

Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

5234 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-95MG-3279-C5XH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-18 09:30
VLAI
Details

Stack-based buffer overflow in the SMASH-CLP shell. An authenticated attacker with SSH access to the BMC can exploit a stack buffer overflow via a crafted SMASH command, overwrite the return address and registers, and achieve arbitrary code execution on the BMC firmware operating system

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7623"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T07:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in the SMASH-CLP shell. An authenticated attacker with SSH access to the BMC can exploit a stack buffer overflow via a crafted SMASH command, overwrite the return address and registers, and achieve arbitrary code execution on the BMC firmware operating system",
  "id": "GHSA-95mg-3279-c5xh",
  "modified": "2025-11-18T09:30:51Z",
  "published": "2025-11-18T09:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7623"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.supermicro.com/zh_tw/support/security_BMC_IPMI_Nov_2025"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-95MR-CF2H-W5JF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-06 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-07 15:31
VLAI
Details

There is a stack overflow vulnerability in Tenda RX3 V1.0br_V16.03.13.11 In the fromSetWifiGusetBasic function of the web url /goform/ WifiGuestSet, the manipulation of the parameter shareSpeed leads to stack overflow.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-44899"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-06T21:16:19Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "There is a stack overflow vulnerability in Tenda RX3 V1.0br_V16.03.13.11 In the fromSetWifiGusetBasic function of the web url /goform/ WifiGuestSet, the manipulation of the parameter shareSpeed leads to stack overflow.",
  "id": "GHSA-95mr-cf2h-w5jf",
  "modified": "2025-05-07T15:31:36Z",
  "published": "2025-05-06T21:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44899"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/faqiadegege/IoTVuln/blob/main/tenda_RX3_fromSetWifiGusetBasic_shareSpeed_overflow/detail.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-95X5-2FG3-WR5Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-15 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-15 12:30
VLAI
Details

The specific flaw exists within the Bluetooth stack developed by Alps Alpine of the Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch. The issue results from the lack of proper boundary validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a stack-based buffer overflow when receiving a specific packet on the established upper layer L2CAP channel. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to obtain remote code execution on the Infotainment ECU with root privileges.

First identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32059"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-15T11:15:53Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The specific flaw exists within the Bluetooth stack developed by Alps Alpine of the Infotainment ECU manufactured by Bosch. The issue results from the lack of proper boundary validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a stack-based buffer overflow when receiving a specific packet on the established upper layer L2CAP channel. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to obtain remote code execution on the Infotainment ECU with root privileges.\n\n\n\nFirst identified on Nissan Leaf ZE1 manufactured in 2020.",
  "id": "GHSA-95x5-2fg3-wr5q",
  "modified": "2026-02-15T12:30:25Z",
  "published": "2026-02-15T12:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32059"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pcacybersecurity.com/resources/advisory/vulnerabilities-in-nissan-infotainment-manufactured-by-bosch"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nissan.co.uk/vehicles/new-vehicles/leaf.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://i.blackhat.com/Asia-25/Asia-25-Evdokimov-Remote-Exploitation-of-Nissan-Leaf.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-95XM-4789-HR5F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-09 12:30
VLAI
Details

Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Samsung Open Source Escargot allows Overflow Buffers.

This issue affects Escargot: before b30b63fc63b403907d8137da1c65aaa4521fe74e.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58303"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-09T11:16:41Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Samsung Open Source Escargot allows Overflow Buffers.\n\nThis issue affects Escargot: before b30b63fc63b403907d8137da1c65aaa4521fe74e.",
  "id": "GHSA-95xm-4789-hr5f",
  "modified": "2026-07-09T12:30:28Z",
  "published": "2026-07-09T12:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58303"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Samsung/escargot/issues/1571"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Samsung/escargot/pull/1585"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9656-Q4MH-5W45

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:40
VLAI
Details

TOTOLINK CP450 v4.1.0cu.747_B20191224 was discovered to contain a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the setLanguageCfg function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-34203"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T15:38:33Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "TOTOLINK CP450 v4.1.0cu.747_B20191224 was discovered to contain a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the setLanguageCfg function.",
  "id": "GHSA-9656-q4mh-5w45",
  "modified": "2024-07-03T18:40:55Z",
  "published": "2024-05-14T18:30:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-34203"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/n0wstr/IOTVuln/tree/main/CP450/setLanguageCfg"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9672-786W-JWPR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-13 15:31 – Updated: 2024-09-13 18:31
VLAI
Details

Tenda FH451 v1.0.0.9 has a stack overflow vulnerability located in the RouteStatic function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-46046"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-13T14:15:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Tenda FH451 v1.0.0.9 has a stack overflow vulnerability located in the RouteStatic function.",
  "id": "GHSA-9672-786w-jwpr",
  "modified": "2024-09-13T18:31:47Z",
  "published": "2024-09-13T15:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46046"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/BenJpopo/V/blob/main/Tenda/FH451/RouteStatic.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-9683-FXJW-GG57

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 21:30
VLAI
Details

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] in Fortinet FortiManager version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 and before 7.2.5, FortiAnalyzer version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 and before 7.2.5 and FortiAnalyzer-BigData 7.4.0 and before 7.2.7 allows a privileged attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted CLI requests.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-31496"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T19:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] in Fortinet FortiManager version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 and before 7.2.5, FortiAnalyzer version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 and before 7.2.5 and FortiAnalyzer-BigData 7.4.0 and before 7.2.7 allows a privileged attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted CLI requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-9683-fxjw-gg57",
  "modified": "2024-11-12T21:30:52Z",
  "published": "2024-11-12T21:30:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-31496"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-098"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-96JF-MVRM-934F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-08 21:31
VLAI
Details

Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier are affected by a Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30298"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T19:15:49Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Adobe Framemaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6 and earlier are affected by a Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
  "id": "GHSA-96jf-mvrm-934f",
  "modified": "2025-04-08T21:31:39Z",
  "published": "2025-04-08T21:31:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30298"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/framemaker/apsb25-33.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-96JM-2888-9QJR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-02-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

A stack overflow vulnerability in the Tenda W18E V16.01.0.8(1625) web management portal allows an authenticated remote attacker to cause a denial of service or potentially execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability occurs due to improper input validation when handling user-supplied data in the delFacebookPic function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-46435"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-10T19:15:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A stack overflow vulnerability in the Tenda W18E V16.01.0.8(1625) web management portal allows an authenticated remote attacker to cause a denial of service or potentially execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability occurs due to improper input validation when handling user-supplied data in the delFacebookPic function.",
  "id": "GHSA-96jm-2888-9qjr",
  "modified": "2025-02-10T21:31:38Z",
  "published": "2025-02-10T21:31:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46435"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://reddassolutions.com/blog/tenda_w18e_security_research"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-96M9-CFHW-7GQ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details

D-Link DIR-X3260 prog.cgi SetDeviceSettings Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DIR-X3260 routers. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the prog.cgi binary, which handles HNAP requests made to the lighttpd webserver listening on TCP ports 80 and 443. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before copying it to a fixed-size stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-21670.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-51621"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:16:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "D-Link DIR-X3260 prog.cgi SetDeviceSettings Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DIR-X3260 routers. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the prog.cgi binary, which handles HNAP requests made to the lighttpd webserver listening on TCP ports 80 and 443. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before copying it to a fixed-size stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-21670.",
  "id": "GHSA-96m9-cfhw-7gq3",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:10Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:31:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51621"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10365"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-041"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

Mitigation
Implementation

Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.

Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.