CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5732 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5GRV-2MCH-F23M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-21 00:31 – Updated: 2026-08-21 00:31IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack-based buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16945"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-20T22:17:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-5grv-2mch-f23m",
"modified": "2026-08-21T00:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-08-21T00:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16945"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283858"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5H4R-7WMM-74HJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-07 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-07 21:31Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3.0.15, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.30, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.60, contain a Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in the DDSH CLI. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Denial of service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-07T20:15:34Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Dell PowerProtect Data Domain with Data Domain Operating System (DD OS) of Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.3.0.15, LTS2025 release version 8.3.1.0, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.30, LTS 2023 release versions 7.10.1.0 through 7.10.1.60, contain a Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in the DDSH CLI. A high privileged attacker with local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Denial of service.",
"id": "GHSA-5h4r-7wmm-74hj",
"modified": "2025-10-07T21:31:07Z",
"published": "2025-10-07T21:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000376224/dsa-2025-333-security-update-for-dell-powerprotect-data-domain-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HC8-P74Q-47PP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-08 18:31nanoMODBUS through v1.22.0 has a stack-based buffer overflow in recv_read_registers_res() in nanomodbus.c. When a client calls nmbs_read_holding_registers() or nmbs_read_input_registers(), the library writes register data from the server response to the caller-provided buffer based on the response's byte_count field before validating that byte_count matches the requested quantity. A malicious Modbus TCP server can send a response with byte_count=250 (125 registers) regardless of the requested quantity, causing up to 248 bytes of attacker-controlled data to overflow the buffer, potentially allowing remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-29972"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T16:16:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "nanoMODBUS through v1.22.0 has a stack-based buffer overflow in recv_read_registers_res() in nanomodbus.c. When a client calls nmbs_read_holding_registers() or nmbs_read_input_registers(), the library writes register data from the server response to the caller-provided buffer based on the response\u0027s byte_count field before validating that byte_count matches the requested quantity. A malicious Modbus TCP server can send a response with byte_count=250 (125 registers) regardless of the requested quantity, causing up to 248 bytes of attacker-controlled data to overflow the buffer, potentially allowing remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-5hc8-p74q-47pp",
"modified": "2026-05-08T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-05-08T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29972"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/dwilliams27/a4e26fe747c8561d608f7549804bd85f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/debevv/nanoMODBUS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/debevv/nanoMODBUS/blob/master/nanomodbus.c#L580-L615"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HHG-F58G-X5J3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-20 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-21 15:30FW-WGS-804HPT v1.305b241111 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the radDftParamKey parameter in the web_radiusSrv_dftParam_post function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44894"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-20T21:15:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "FW-WGS-804HPT v1.305b241111 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the radDftParamKey parameter in the web_radiusSrv_dftParam_post function.",
"id": "GHSA-5hhg-f58g-x5j3",
"modified": "2025-05-21T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2025-05-20T21:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lafdrew.github.io/2025/04/20/web-radiusSrv-dftParam-post-radDftParamKey"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HMR-M4PW-7777
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 12:31 – Updated: 2025-05-13 12:31A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE LPE9403 (6GK5998-3GS00-2AC2) (All versions). Affected devices are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow. This could allow a non-privileged local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the device or to cause a denial of service condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-40580"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T10:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SCALANCE LPE9403 (6GK5998-3GS00-2AC2) (All versions). Affected devices are vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow.\nThis could allow a non-privileged local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the device or to cause a denial of service condition.",
"id": "GHSA-5hmr-m4pw-7777",
"modified": "2025-05-13T12:31:36Z",
"published": "2025-05-13T12:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40580"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-327438.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HRR-2WGF-37HJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-20 15:32 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:33Buffer Overflow vulnerability in open source FreeImage v.3.19.0 [r1909] allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Imf_2_2::copyIntoFrameBuffer() component when reading images in EXR format.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28562"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-20T06:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Buffer Overflow vulnerability in open source FreeImage v.3.19.0 [r1909] allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the Imf_2_2::copyIntoFrameBuffer() component when reading images in EXR format.",
"id": "GHSA-5hrr-2wgf-37hj",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:33:46Z",
"published": "2024-03-20T15:32:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28562"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Ruanxingzhi/vul-report/tree/master/freeimage-r1909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/11/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/11/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/11/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HWV-FVW4-FFPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the set_gre function with the remote_virtual_ip variable.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25110"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the set_gre function with the remote_virtual_ip variable.",
"id": "GHSA-5hwv-fvw4-ffpg",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:36Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5HXX-P89V-JXC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:31Exim SMTP Challenge Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Exim. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of NTLM challenge requests. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the service account. Was ZDI-CAN-17515.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Exim SMTP Challenge Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Exim. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of NTLM challenge requests. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the service account. Was ZDI-CAN-17515.",
"id": "GHSA-5hxx-p89v-jxc7",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:31:29Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1470"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5J3V-R3RH-6VH7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-07 00:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 18:31Bentley Systems MicroStation Connect versions 10.17.0.209 and prior are vulnerable to a Stack-Based Buffer Overflow when a malformed design (DGN) file is parsed. This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-06T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Bentley Systems MicroStation Connect versions 10.17.0.209 and prior are vulnerable to a Stack-Based Buffer Overflow when a malformed design (DGN) file is parsed. This may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-5j3v-r3rh-6vh7",
"modified": "2025-02-13T18:31:21Z",
"published": "2023-01-07T00:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bentley.com/advisories/be-2023-0003"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-293-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5J9X-J6C3-RWXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 21:31 – Updated: 2025-08-12 21:31A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] in Fortinet FortiWeb CLI version 7.6.0 through 7.6.3 and before 7.4.8 allows a privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via crafted CLI commands
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32766"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-12T19:15:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] in Fortinet FortiWeb CLI version 7.6.0 through 7.6.3 and before 7.4.8 allows a privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via crafted CLI commands",
"id": "GHSA-5j9x-j6c3-rwxp",
"modified": "2025-08-12T21:31:20Z",
"published": "2025-08-12T21:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32766"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-383"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.