CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5243 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-5W36-X85H-PPHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-27 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:35In GnuPG before 2.5.17, a crafted CMS (S/MIME) EnvelopedData message carrying an oversized wrapped session key can cause a stack-based buffer overflow in gpg-agent during PKDECRYPT--kem=CMS handling. This can easily be leveraged for denial of service; however, there is also memory corruption that could lead to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-24881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-27T19:16:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In GnuPG before 2.5.17, a crafted CMS (S/MIME) EnvelopedData message carrying an oversized wrapped session key can cause a stack-based buffer overflow in gpg-agent during PKDECRYPT--kem=CMS handling. This can easily be leveraged for denial of service; however, there is also memory corruption that could lead to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-5w36-x85h-pphm",
"modified": "2026-06-30T03:35:30Z",
"published": "2026-01-27T21:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-24881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2433480"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dev.gnupg.org/T8044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-24881.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/01/27/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5W53-GHHH-45V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 15:32 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:31Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in the WatchGuard Agent discovery service on Windows allows Overflow Buffers. An unauthenticated attacker on the same local network could exploit this vulnerability to crash the agent service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-41287"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T15:16:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in the WatchGuard Agent discovery service on Windows allows Overflow Buffers. An unauthenticated attacker on the same local network could exploit this vulnerability to crash the agent service.",
"id": "GHSA-5w53-ghhh-45v8",
"modified": "2026-05-11T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-05-06T15:32:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41287"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2026-00010"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5W8C-RF58-5848
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause an affected device to restart unexpectedly. These vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1329"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-04T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause an affected device to restart unexpectedly. These vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-5w8c-rf58-5848",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-overflow-ghZP68yj"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-5WCR-RMV8-7C46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-10 15:31Tenda G3 v3.0br_V15.11.0.17 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the vpnUsers parameter in the formAddVpnUsers function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T17:16:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda G3 v3.0br_V15.11.0.17 was discovered to contain a stack overflow in the vpnUsers parameter in the formAddVpnUsers function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-5wcr-rmv8-7c46",
"modified": "2025-09-10T15:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vulnDetailRecord/VulforDevice/blob/main/Tenda/G3/formAddVpnUsers.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WPM-59M4-CXH5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-22 06:30 – Updated: 2024-03-22 06:30A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Tenda AC15 15.03.05.18/15.03.20_multi. This vulnerability affects the function formExpandDlnaFile of the file /goform/expandDlnaFile. The manipulation of the argument filePath leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-257662 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-22T05:15:48Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Tenda AC15 15.03.05.18/15.03.20_multi. This vulnerability affects the function formExpandDlnaFile of the file /goform/expandDlnaFile. The manipulation of the argument filePath leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-257662 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-5wpm-59m4-cxh5",
"modified": "2024-03-22T06:30:25Z",
"published": "2024-03-22T06:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AC15/V1.0%20V15.03.20_multi/formExpandDlnaFile.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257662"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.257662"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WQX-3CWH-CGG8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-16 06:30 – Updated: 2024-08-28 18:31Buffer Overflow vulnerability in TOTOLink X5000R V9.1.0u.6118-B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115-B20201022 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (D0S) via the command field.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-28640"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-16T06:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer Overflow vulnerability in TOTOLink X5000R V9.1.0u.6118-B20201102 and A7000R V9.1.0u.6115-B20201022 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (D0S) via the command field.",
"id": "GHSA-5wqx-3cwh-cgg8",
"modified": "2024-08-28T18:31:53Z",
"published": "2024-03-16T06:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28640"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZIKH26/CVE-information/blob/master/TOTOLINK/Vulnerability%20Information_2.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WRJ-RJJW-W232
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-23 15:30 – Updated: 2024-08-07 18:30Tenda FH1206 V1.2.0.8(8155)_EN was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability via the page parameter in ip/goform/addressNat.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-33217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-23T15:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1206 V1.2.0.8(8155)_EN was discovered to contain a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability via the page parameter in ip/goform/addressNat.",
"id": "GHSA-5wrj-rjjw-w232",
"modified": "2024-08-07T18:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-04-23T15:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://palm-vertebra-fe9.notion.site/fromAddressNat_page-e9c05fb00f89482fa340d21bbda30642"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5WX9-6P5V-7R76
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-26 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-27 15:34Golioth Firmware SDK version 0.10.0 prior to 0.22.0, fixed in commit 48f521b, contain a stack-based buffer overflow in Payload Utils. The golioth_payload_as_int() and golioth_payload_as_float() helpers copy network-supplied payload data into fixed-size stack buffers using memcpy() with a length derived from payload_size. The only length checks are guarded by assert(); in release builds, the asserts are compiled out and memcpy() may copy an unbounded payload_size. Payloads larger than 12 bytes (int) or 32 bytes (float) can overflow the stack, resulting in a crash/denial of service. This is reachable via LightDB State on_payload with a malicious server or MITM.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23747"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-26T18:23:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Golioth Firmware SDK version 0.10.0 prior to 0.22.0, fixed in commit\u00a048f521b, contain a stack-based buffer overflow in Payload Utils. The golioth_payload_as_int() and golioth_payload_as_float() helpers copy network-supplied payload data into fixed-size stack buffers using memcpy() with a length derived from payload_size. The only length checks are guarded by assert(); in release builds, the asserts are compiled out and memcpy() may copy an unbounded payload_size. Payloads larger than 12 bytes (int) or 32 bytes (float) can overflow the stack, resulting in a crash/denial of service. This is reachable via LightDB State on_payload with a malicious server or MITM.",
"id": "GHSA-5wx9-6p5v-7r76",
"modified": "2026-02-27T15:34:17Z",
"published": "2026-02-26T18:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23747"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/golioth/golioth-firmware-sdk/commit/48f521bcc0187ada2b9cbdad31dc380e6c7b7332"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.secmate.dev/posts/golioth-vulnerabilities-disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/golioth/golioth-firmware-sdk/releases/tag/v0.22.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://secmate.dev/disclosures/SECMATE-2025-0015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/golioth-firmware-sdk-payload-utils-stack-based-buffer-overflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5X29-F67G-C46V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-10 15:31Tenda G3 v3.0br_V15.11.0.17 was discovered to contain multiple stack overflows in the formIPMacBindModify function via the ruleId, ip, mac, v6 and remark parameters. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-57061"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T17:16:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda G3 v3.0br_V15.11.0.17 was discovered to contain multiple stack overflows in the formIPMacBindModify function via the ruleId, ip, mac, v6 and remark parameters. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-5x29-f67g-c46v",
"modified": "2025-09-10T15:31:15Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T18:31:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vulnDetailRecord/VulforDevice/blob/main/Tenda/G3/formIPMacBindModify.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5X56-8GP2-C78J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-29 21:31 – Updated: 2025-05-29 21:31IBM Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows (includes DB2 Connect Server) 11.1.0 through 11.1.4.7, 11.5.0 through 11.5.9 and 12.1.0 through 12.1.1 is vulnerable to a denial of service as the server may crash under certain conditions with a specially crafted query.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49350"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-29T20:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows (includes DB2 Connect Server) 11.1.0 through 11.1.4.7, 11.5.0 through 11.5.9 and 12.1.0 through 12.1.1 is vulnerable to a denial of service as the server may crash under certain conditions with a specially crafted query.",
"id": "GHSA-5x56-8gp2-c78j",
"modified": "2025-05-29T21:31:37Z",
"published": "2025-05-29T21:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49350"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7235069"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.