Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-120
Allowed-with-ReviewBuffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product copies an input buffer to an output buffer without verifying that the size of the input buffer is less than the size of the output buffer.
5451 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-32771 (GCVE-0-2021-32771)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-08-04 20:25 – Updated: 2025-04-23 17:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Buffer overflow in contiki-ng
Summary
Contiki-NG is an open-source, cross-platform operating system for IoT devices. In affected versions it is possible to cause a buffer overflow when copying an IPv6 address prefix in the RPL-Classic implementation in Contiki-NG. In order to trigger the vulnerability, the Contiki-NG system must have joined an RPL DODAG. After that, an attacker can send a DAO packet with a Target option that contains a prefix length larger than 128 bits. The problem was fixed after the release of Contiki-NG 4.7. Users unable to upgrade may apply the patch in Contiki-NG PR #1615.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/contiki-ng/contiki-ng/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/contiki-ng/contiki-ng/pull/1615 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/contiki-ng/contiki-ng/pull/161… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/contiki-ng/contiki-ng/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| contiki-ng | contiki-ng |
Affected:
< 4.8
|
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CVE-2021-31895 (GCVE-0-2021-31895)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-13 11:02 – Updated: 2025-10-14 09:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM i800 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM i801 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM i802 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM i803 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM M2100 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM M2200 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM M969 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RMC30 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RP110 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS1600 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS1600F (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS1600T (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS400 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS401 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416P (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V5.X (All versions < 5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RS8000 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS8000A (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS8000H (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS8000T (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RS900GP (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900L (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900W (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS910 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS910L (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS910W (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS920L (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS920W (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS930L (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS930W (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS940G (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS969 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2200 (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG907R (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG908C (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG909R (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG910C (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X (All versions < V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSL910 (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RST2228 (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RST2228P (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RST916C (All versions < V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RST916P (All versions < V5.5.4). The DHCP client in affected devices fails to properly sanitize incoming DHCP packets. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause memory to be overwritten, potentially allowing remote code execution.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/… |
Impacted products
69 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM i800 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM i801 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM i802 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM i803 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM M2100 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM M2200 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM M969 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RMC30 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V5.X |
Affected:
0 , < V5.5.4
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RP110 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS1600 |
Affected:
0 , < V4.3.7
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS1600F |
Affected:
0 , < V4.3.7
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS1600T |
Affected:
0 , < V4.3.7
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS400 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS401 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS416 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS416P |
Affected:
0 , < V4.3.7
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V4.X |
Affected:
0 , < V4.3.7
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V5.X |
Affected:
0 , < V5.5.4
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < 5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS8000 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS8000A |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS8000H |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS8000T |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS900G |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS900GP |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS900L |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS900W |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS910 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS910L |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS910W |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS920L |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS920W |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS930L |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS930W |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS940G |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RS969 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 |
Affected:
0 , < V4.3.7
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2200 |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG907R |
Affected:
0 , < V5.5.4
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG908C |
Affected:
0 , < V5.5.4
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG909R |
Affected:
0 , < V5.5.4
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG910C |
Affected:
0 , < V5.5.4
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X |
Affected:
All versions < V4.3.7
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RSL910 |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RST2228 |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RST2228P |
Affected:
0 , < V5.5.4
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RST916C |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RST916P |
Affected:
All versions < V5.5.4
|
{
"containers": {
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"cna": {
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"product": "RUGGEDCOM i801",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM i802",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM i803",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM M2100",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM M2200",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM M969",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RMC30",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V5.5.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RP110",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS1600",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V4.3.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS1600F",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V4.3.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS1600T",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V4.3.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS400",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS401",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS416",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS416P",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V4.3.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V4.3.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V5.5.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c 5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS8000",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS8000A",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS8000H",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS8000T",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS900G",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS900GP",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS900L",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS900W",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS910",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS910L",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS910W",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS920L",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS920W",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS930L",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS930W",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS940G",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RS969",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2100",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V4.3.7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2200",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG907R",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V5.5.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG908C",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V5.5.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG909R",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V5.5.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG910C",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V5.5.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V4.3.7"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RSL910",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RST2228",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RST2228P",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "V5.5.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RST916C",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "RUGGEDCOM RST916P",
"vendor": "Siemens",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "All versions \u003c V5.5.4"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM i800 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM i801 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM i802 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM i803 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM M2100 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM M2200 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM M969 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RMC30 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RMC8388 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RP110 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS1600 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS1600F (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS1600T (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS400 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS401 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416P (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416Pv2 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS416v2 V5.X (All versions \u003c 5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RS8000 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS8000A (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS8000H (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS8000T (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900 (32M) V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900G (32M) V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RS900GP (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900L (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS900W (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS910 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS910L (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS910W (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS920L (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS920W (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS930L (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS930W (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS940G (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RS969 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100 (32M) V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2100P (32M) V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2200 (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2288 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2300P V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG2488 V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG907R (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG908C (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG909R (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG910C (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V4.X (All versions \u003c V4.3.7), RUGGEDCOM RSG920P V5.X (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RSL910 (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RST2228 (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RST2228P (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RST916C (All versions \u003c V5.5.4), RUGGEDCOM RST916P (All versions \u003c V5.5.4). The DHCP client in affected devices fails to properly sanitize incoming DHCP packets. This could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause memory to be overwritten, potentially allowing remote code execution."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-120",
"description": "CWE-120: Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (\u0027Classic Buffer Overflow\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-14T09:14:56.660Z",
"orgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"shortName": "siemens"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-373591.pdf"
},
{
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-373591.html"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "cec7a2ec-15b4-4faf-bd53-b40f371f3a77",
"assignerShortName": "siemens",
"cveId": "CVE-2021-31895",
"datePublished": "2021-07-13T11:02:59.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2021-04-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-10-14T09:14:56.660Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2021-31893 (GCVE-0-2021-31893)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-13 11:02 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2 and earlier (All versions), SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.0 (All versions < V9.0 SP3), SIMATIC PDM (All versions < V9.2), SIMATIC STEP 7 V5.X (All versions < V5.6 SP2 HF3), SINAMICS STARTER (containing STEP 7 OEM version) (All versions < V5.4 HF2). The affected software contains a buffer overflow vulnerability while handling certain files that could allow a local attacker to trigger a denial-of-service condition or potentially lead to remote code execution.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | SIMATIC PCS 7 V8.2 and earlier |
Affected:
All versions
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC PCS 7 V9.0 |
Affected:
All versions < V9.0 SP3
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC PDM |
Affected:
All versions < V9.2
|
|
| Siemens | SIMATIC STEP 7 V5.X |
Affected:
All versions < V5.6 SP2 HF3
|
|
| Siemens | SINAMICS STARTER (containing STEP 7 OEM version) |
Affected:
All versions < V5.4 HF2
|
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CVE-2021-31845 (GCVE-0-2021-31845)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-17 13:45 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Remote Code Execution in McAfee DLP Discover
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in McAfee Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Discover prior to 11.6.100 allows an attacker in the same network as the DLP Discover to execute arbitrary code through placing carefully constructed Ami Pro (.sam) files onto a machine and having DLP Discover scan it, leading to remote code execution with elevated privileges. This is caused by the destination buffer being of fixed size and incorrect checks being made on the source size.
Severity
8.4 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=conten… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| McAfee,LLC | McAfee Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Discover |
Affected:
unspecified , < 10.6.100
(custom)
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CVE-2021-31844 (GCVE-0-2021-31844)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-17 13:45 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Local Privilege Escalation in McAfee DLP Endpoint for Windows
Summary
A buffer overflow vulnerability in McAfee Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Endpoint for Windows prior to 11.6.200 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges through placing carefully constructed Ami Pro (.sam) files onto the local system and triggering a DLP Endpoint scan through accessing a file. This is caused by the destination buffer being of fixed size and incorrect checks being made on the source size.
Severity
8.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=conten… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| McAfee,LLC | McAfee Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Endpoint for Windows |
Affected:
unspecified , < 10.6.200
(custom)
|
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CVE-2021-29612 (GCVE-0-2021-29612)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-14 19:20 – Updated: 2024-08-03 22:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heap buffer overflow in `BandedTriangularSolve`
Summary
TensorFlow is an end-to-end open source platform for machine learning. An attacker can trigger a heap buffer overflow in Eigen implementation of `tf.raw_ops.BandedTriangularSolve`. The implementation(https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/eccb7ec454e6617738554a255d77f08e60ee0808/tensorflow/core/kernels/linalg/banded_triangular_solve_op.cc#L269-L278) calls `ValidateInputTensors` for input validation but fails to validate that the two tensors are not empty. Furthermore, since `OP_REQUIRES` macro only stops execution of current function after setting `ctx->status()` to a non-OK value, callers of helper functions that use `OP_REQUIRES` must check value of `ctx->status()` before continuing. This doesn't happen in this op's implementation(https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/eccb7ec454e6617738554a255d77f08e60ee0808/tensorflow/core/kernels/linalg/banded_triangular_solve_op.cc#L219), hence the validation that is present is also not effective. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/0… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/b… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tensorflow | tensorflow |
Affected:
< 2.1.4
Affected: >= 2.2.0, < 2.2.3 Affected: >= 2.3.0, < 2.3.3 Affected: >= 2.4.0, < 2.4.2 |
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CVE-2021-29540 (GCVE-0-2021-29540)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-14 19:11 – Updated: 2024-08-03 22:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heap buffer overflow in `Conv2DBackpropFilter`
Summary
TensorFlow is an end-to-end open source platform for machine learning. An attacker can cause a heap buffer overflow to occur in `Conv2DBackpropFilter`. This is because the implementation(https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/1b0296c3b8dd9bd948f924aa8cd62f87dbb7c3da/tensorflow/core/kernels/conv_grad_filter_ops.cc#L495-L497) computes the size of the filter tensor but does not validate that it matches the number of elements in `filter_sizes`. Later, when reading/writing to this buffer, code uses the value computed here, instead of the number of elements in the tensor. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tensorflow | tensorflow |
Affected:
< 2.1.4
Affected: >= 2.2.0, < 2.2.3 Affected: >= 2.3.0, < 2.3.3 Affected: >= 2.4.0, < 2.4.2 |
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CVE-2021-29520 (GCVE-0-2021-29520)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-14 19:35 – Updated: 2024-08-03 22:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heap buffer overflow in `Conv3DBackprop*`
Summary
TensorFlow is an end-to-end open source platform for machine learning. Missing validation between arguments to `tf.raw_ops.Conv3DBackprop*` operations can result in heap buffer overflows. This is because the implementation(https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/4814fafb0ca6b5ab58a09411523b2193fed23fed/tensorflow/core/kernels/conv_grad_shape_utils.cc#L94-L153) assumes that the `input`, `filter_sizes` and `out_backprop` tensors have the same shape, as they are accessed in parallel. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2, TensorFlow 2.3.3, TensorFlow 2.2.3 and TensorFlow 2.1.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/8… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tensorflow | tensorflow |
Affected:
< 2.1.4
Affected: >= 2.2.0, < 2.2.3 Affected: >= 2.3.0, < 2.3.3 Affected: >= 2.4.0, < 2.4.2 |
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CVE-2021-29512 (GCVE-0-2021-29512)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-14 18:55 – Updated: 2024-08-03 22:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heap buffer overflow in `RaggedBinCount`
Summary
TensorFlow is an end-to-end open source platform for machine learning. If the `splits` argument of `RaggedBincount` does not specify a valid `SparseTensor`(https://www.tensorflow.org/api_docs/python/tf/sparse/SparseTensor), then an attacker can trigger a heap buffer overflow. This will cause a read from outside the bounds of the `splits` tensor buffer in the implementation of the `RaggedBincount` op(https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/8b677d79167799f71c42fd3fa074476e0295413a/tensorflow/core/kernels/bincount_op.cc#L430-L433). Before the `for` loop, `batch_idx` is set to 0. The user controls the `splits` array, making it contain only one element, 0. Thus, the code in the `while` loop would increment `batch_idx` and then try to read `splits(1)`, which is outside of bounds. The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.5.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.4.2 and TensorFlow 2.3.3, as these are also affected.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/e… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| tensorflow | tensorflow |
Affected:
>=2.3.0, < 2.3.3
Affected: >= 2.4.0, < 2.4.2 |
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CVE-2021-29094 (GCVE-0-2021-29094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-03-25 20:33 – Updated: 2024-09-16 16:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ArcGIS Server image service and raster analytics security update: buffer overflow
Summary
Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities when parsing a specially crafted file in Esri ArcGIS Server 10.8.1 (and earlier) allows an authenticated attacker with specialized permissions to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the service account.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-120 - Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Esri | ArcGIS Server |
Affected:
All , ≤ 10.9.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-03-16 00:00
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that your buffer is as large as you specify.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation
Build and Compilation
Operation
Most mitigating technologies at the compiler or OS level to date address only a subset of buffer overflow problems and rarely provide complete protection against even that subset. It is good practice to implement strategies to increase the workload of an attacker, such as leaving the attacker to guess an unknown value that changes every program execution.
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design
Operation
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables
This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.
CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers
Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.
CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow
This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.
CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow
In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).
CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion
An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.
CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File
An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags
This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.
CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion
In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.
CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()
This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.
CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call
This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.
CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities
This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.