CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
473 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-R5J9-CG6W-WR7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-18 00:00In onCreate of InstallCaCertificateWarning.java, there is a possible way to mislead an user about CA installation circumstances due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11 Android-12Android ID: A-196969991
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-39669"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-11T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In onCreate of InstallCaCertificateWarning.java, there is a possible way to mislead an user about CA installation circumstances due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11 Android-12Android ID: A-196969991",
"id": "GHSA-r5j9-cg6w-wr7p",
"modified": "2022-02-18T00:00:42Z",
"published": "2022-02-12T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2022-02-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-R63H-2V62-7GWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:39An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 1.2 before 15.10.8, all versions starting from 15.11 before 15.11.7, all versions starting from 16.0 before 16.0.2. An issue was found that allows someone to abuse a discrepancy between the Web application display and the git command line interface to social engineer victims into cloning non-trusted code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-2013"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T17:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions starting from 1.2 before 15.10.8, all versions starting from 15.11 before 15.11.7, all versions starting from 16.0 before 16.0.2. An issue was found that allows someone to abuse a discrepancy between the Web application display and the git command line interface to social engineer victims into cloning non-trusted code.",
"id": "GHSA-r63h-2v62-7gwc",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:39:34Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T18:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1940441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2023/CVE-2023-2013.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/406844"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R6G8-JMJ9-G945
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-30 16:22 – Updated: 2021-08-27 12:54yourls is vulnerable to Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "yourls/yourls"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-27T12:54:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-26T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "yourls is vulnerable to Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames",
"id": "GHSA-r6g8-jmj9-g945",
"modified": "2021-08-27T12:54:01Z",
"published": "2021-08-30T16:22:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yourls/yourls/commit/0a70acdcfb5fcbc63dbc5750018d608288eba3fe"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/yourls/yourls"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/dd2e2dbe-efe5-49ec-be11-7a7e7c41debd"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames in yourls"
}
GHSA-R7MW-VCW7-Q6MR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-20 18:30 – Updated: 2025-07-20 18:30A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in yangzongzhuan RuoYi up to 4.8.1. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component Image Source Handler. The manipulation leads to improper restriction of rendered ui layers. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7903"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-20T17:15:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in yangzongzhuan RuoYi up to 4.8.1. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component Image Source Handler. The manipulation leads to improper restriction of rendered ui layers. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-r7mw-vcw7-q6mr",
"modified": "2025-07-20T18:30:21Z",
"published": "2025-07-20T18:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yangzongzhuan/RuoYi/issues/295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.317017"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.317017"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.618357"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R97V-8H88-RGJP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:40 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:40An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the System UI could enable a local malicious application to create a UI overlay covering the entire screen. This issue is rated as Moderate because it is a local bypass of user interaction requirements that would normally require either user initiation or user permission. Product: Android. Versions: 7.1.1. Android ID: A-30150688.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-0492"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-08T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the System UI could enable a local malicious application to create a UI overlay covering the entire screen. This issue is rated as Moderate because it is a local bypass of user interaction requirements that would normally require either user initiation or user permission. Product: Android. Versions: 7.1.1. Android ID: A-30150688.",
"id": "GHSA-r97v-8h88-rgjp",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:40:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:40:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-03-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-03-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96794"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037968"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RGR9-M4J3-V8C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:05In ActivityPicker.java, there is a possible bypass of user interaction in intent resolution due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-8.1 Android-9Android ID: A-181962311
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0506"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-21T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In ActivityPicker.java, there is a possible bypass of user interaction in intent resolution due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-8.1 Android-9Android ID: A-181962311",
"id": "GHSA-rgr9-m4j3-v8c4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:05:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RGX6-GX96-7FRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 15:30A Cross Window Forgery vulnerability exists within GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.3 prior to 16.11.5, 17.0 prior to 17.0.3, and 17.1 prior to 17.1.1. This condition allows for an attacker to abuse the OAuth authentication flow via a crafted payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2177"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T14:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A Cross Window Forgery vulnerability exists within GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.3 prior to 16.11.5, 17.0 prior to 17.0.3, and 17.1 prior to 17.1.1. This condition allows for an attacker to abuse the OAuth authentication flow via a crafted payload.",
"id": "GHSA-rgx6-gx96-7frc",
"modified": "2024-07-09T15:30:54Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T15:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/2383443"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/444467"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RH22-RCV2-42X3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-26 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:32A crafted URL containing Arabic script and whitespace characters could have hidden the true origin of the page, resulting in a potential spoofing attack. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 133, Firefox ESR < 128.5, Thunderbird < 133, and Thunderbird < 128.5.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11695"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-26T14:15:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A crafted URL containing Arabic script and whitespace characters could have hidden the true origin of the page, resulting in a potential spoofing attack. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 133, Firefox ESR \u003c 128.5, Thunderbird \u003c 133, and Thunderbird \u003c 128.5.",
"id": "GHSA-rh22-rcv2-42x3",
"modified": "2025-11-04T00:32:07Z",
"published": "2024-11-26T15:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11695"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1925496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/11/msg00029.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-63"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-64"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-67"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-68"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHPQ-GC3G-23VR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53In functionality implemented in System UI, there are insufficient protections implemented around overlay windows. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1. Android ID: A-34170870
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-9524"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-14T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In functionality implemented in System UI, there are insufficient protections implemented around overlay windows. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1. Android ID: A-34170870",
"id": "GHSA-rhpq-gc3g-23vr",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:56Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-11-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105848"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ6W-4JRJ-F27J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-31 12:30 – Updated: 2023-12-31 12:30A vulnerability has been identified in OnCell G3150A-LTE Series firmware versions v1.3 and prior. The vulnerability result from incorrectly restricts frame objects, which lead to user confusion about which interface the user is interacting with.
This vulnerability may lead attacker to trick user into interacting with the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6093"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-31T10:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nA vulnerability has been identified in OnCell G3150A-LTE Series firmware versions v1.3 and prior. The vulnerability result from incorrectly restricts frame objects, which lead to user confusion about which interface the user is interacting with.\n\nThis vulnerability may lead attacker to trick user into interacting with the application.\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-rj6w-4jrj-f27j",
"modified": "2023-12-31T12:30:31Z",
"published": "2023-12-31T12:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/security-advisory/oncell-g3150a-lte-series-multiple-web-application-vulnerabilities-and-security-enhancement"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.