CWE-1021
AllowedImproper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.
473 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JX3Q-74X5-VGJ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 02:07 – Updated: 2025-04-03 04:15A design error in Opera 8.01 and earlier allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary code by overlaying a malicious new window above a file download dialog box, then tricking the user into double-clicking on the "Run" button, aka "link hijacking".
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2005-2407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2005-08-01T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A design error in Opera 8.01 and earlier allows user-assisted attackers to execute arbitrary code by overlaying a malicious new window above a file download dialog box, then tricking the user into double-clicking on the \"Run\" button, aka \"link hijacking\".",
"id": "GHSA-jx3q-74x5-vgj6",
"modified": "2025-04-03T04:15:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T02:07:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2005-2407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/15781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/secunia_research/2005-19/advisory"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1015353"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.opera.com/linux/changelogs/802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/15835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2005/1251"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JXJH-HJ3P-4X88
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:03 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:03Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 7, and 8 does not enforce intended domain restrictions on content access, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or conduct clickjacking attacks via a crafted web site, aka "Frame Tag Information Disclosure Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-1244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2011-04-13T18:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, 7, and 8 does not enforce intended domain restrictions on content access, which allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or conduct clickjacking attacks via a crafted web site, aka \"Frame Tag Information Disclosure Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-jxjh-hj3p-4x88",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:03:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:03:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2011/ms11-018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A11926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/71777"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/47191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1025327"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JXWX-6HPJ-PXGF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:57 – Updated: 2022-12-09 18:30IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 8.6 Admin Console could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim's click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 158102.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4109"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-30T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale 8.6 Admin Console could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim\u0027s click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 158102.",
"id": "GHSA-jxwx-6hpj-pxgf",
"modified": "2022-12-09T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:57:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/158102"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/1073864"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M34M-MFQ8-3JHW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:51Palantir Gotham was found to be vulnerable to a bug where under certain circumstances, the frontend could have applied an incorrect classification to a newly created property or link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30961"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021",
"CWE-710"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T15:18:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Palantir Gotham was found to be vulnerable to a bug where under certain circumstances, the frontend could have applied an incorrect classification to a newly created property or link.",
"id": "GHSA-m34m-mfq8-3jhw",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:51:38Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30961"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://palantir.safebase.us/?tcuUid=2755c49f-2c30-459e-8bdf-f95ef3692da4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M366-QHCJ-GFW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-10 00:00Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames in GitHub repository openemr/openemr prior to 7.0.0.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-09T13:15:00Z",
"severity": null
},
"details": "Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames in GitHub repository openemr/openemr prior to 7.0.0.1.",
"id": "GHSA-m366-qhcj-gfw3",
"modified": "2022-08-10T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-08-10T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openemr/openemr/commit/203243467675e85b8b479c778e44ae1aac8bad55"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/d8e4c70c-788b-47e9-8141-a08db751d4e6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M379-X4XC-38X9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-09 00:00 – Updated: 2024-10-25 21:26rdiffweb prior to 2.4.1 is vulnerable to Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames. This allows attackers to perform clickjacking attacks that can trick victims into performing actions such as entering passwords, liking or deleting posts, and/or initiating an account deletion. This issue has been patched in version 2.4.1.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "rdiffweb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3167"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-16T17:08:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-08T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "rdiffweb prior to 2.4.1 is vulnerable to Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames. This allows attackers to perform clickjacking attacks that can trick victims into performing actions such as entering passwords, liking or deleting posts, and/or initiating an account deletion. This issue has been patched in version 2.4.1.",
"id": "GHSA-m379-x4xc-38x9",
"modified": "2024-10-25T21:26:50Z",
"published": "2022-09-09T00:00:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3167"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ikus060/rdiffweb/commit/7294bb7466532762c93d711211e5958940c1b428"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-m379-x4xc-38x9"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ikus060/rdiffweb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/rdiffweb/PYSEC-2022-268.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/e5c2625b-34cc-4805-8223-80f2689e4e5c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "rdiffweb vulnerable to Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames"
}
GHSA-M732-H63V-9GWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-21 00:01In NotificationAccessActivity of AndroidManifest.xml, there is a possible EoP due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-9Android ID: A-182808318
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1039"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In NotificationAccessActivity of AndroidManifest.xml, there is a possible EoP due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-9Android ID: A-182808318",
"id": "GHSA-m732-h63v-9gww",
"modified": "2021-12-21T00:01:11Z",
"published": "2021-12-16T00:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1039"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/aaos/2021-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M9X8-M34X-FJ9Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30Parsing arbitrary HTML which is then rendered using Render can result in an unexpected HTML tree. This can be leveraged to execute XSS attacks in applications that attempt to sanitize input HTML before rendering.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-22T16:16:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Parsing arbitrary HTML which is then rendered using Render can result in an unexpected HTML tree. This can be leveraged to execute XSS attacks in applications that attempt to sanitize input HTML before rendering.",
"id": "GHSA-m9x8-m34x-fj9q",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:18Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/cl/781685"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://go.dev/issue/79575"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/iI-mYSI0lu8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-5030"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MC5V-8859-PVCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-02 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:30By displaying a prompt with a long description, the fullscreen notification could have been hidden, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks.
This bug only affects Firefox for Android. Other operating systems are unaffected.. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 111.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-25748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-02T17:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "By displaying a prompt with a long description, the fullscreen notification could have been hidden, resulting in potential user confusion or spoofing attacks. \u003cbr\u003e*This bug only affects Firefox for Android. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 111.",
"id": "GHSA-mc5v-8859-pvcf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-06-02T18:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1798798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-09"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MC8G-GGCR-F8MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41In onCreate of BluetoothPermissionActivity.java, there is a possible permissions bypass due to a tapjacking overlay that obscures the phonebook permissions dialog when a Bluetooth device is connecting. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11Android ID: A-168504491
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0333"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1021"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-10T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In onCreate of BluetoothPermissionActivity.java, there is a possible permissions bypass due to a tapjacking overlay that obscures the phonebook permissions dialog when a Bluetooth device is connecting. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-8.1 Android-9 Android-10 Android-11Android ID: A-168504491",
"id": "GHSA-mc8g-ggcr-f8mw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-02-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
- The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
- The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
- A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
- It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.
Mitigation
In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.
CAPEC-103: Clickjacking
An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.
CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay
An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.
CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay
In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.
CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.
CAPEC-506: Tapjacking
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.
CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)
This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.
CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.