Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1021

Allowed

Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application does not restrict or incorrectly restricts frame objects or UI layers that belong to another application or domain.

473 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2019-7393 (GCVE-0-2019-7393)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-05-28 18:28 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:19
VLAI
Summary
A UI redress vulnerability in the administrative user interface of CA Technologies CA Strong Authentication 9.0.x, 8.2.x, 8.1.x, 8.0.x, 7.1.x and CA Risk Authentication 9.0.x, 8.2.x, 8.1.x, 8.0.x, 3.1.x may allow a remote attacker to gain sensitive information in some cases.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-1021 - Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CA Technologies, A Broadcom Company CA Strong Authentication Affected: 9.0.x
Affected: 8.2.x
Affected: 8.1.x
Affected: 8.0.x
Affected: 7.1.x
Create a notification for this product.
CA Technologies, A Broadcom Company CA Risk Authentication Affected: 9.0.x
Affected: 8.2.x
Affected: 8.1.x
Affected: 8.0.x
Affected: 3.1.x
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2019-05-23 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2018-19957 (GCVE-0-2018-19957)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-10 04:00 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:57
VLAI
Title
Insufficient HTTP Security Headers in QTS, QuTS hero, and QuTScloud
Summary
A vulnerability involving insufficient HTTP security headers has been reported to affect QNAP NAS running QTS, QuTS hero, and QuTScloud. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to launch privacy and security attacks. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 4.5.4.1715 build 20210630 and later QuTS hero h4.5.4.1771 build 20210825 and later QuTScloud c4.5.6.1755 build 20210809 and later
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. QTS Affected: unspecified , < 4.5.4.1715 build 20210630 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTS hero Affected: unspecified , < h4.5.4.1771 build 20210825 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
QNAP Systems Inc. QuTScloud Affected: unspecified , < c4.5.6.1755 build 20210809 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2021-09-10 00:00
Credits
Independent Security Evaluators
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2017-20041 (GCVE-0-2017-20041)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-13 06:50 – Updated: 2025-04-15 14:25
VLAI
Title
Ucweb UC Browser HTML URL improper restriction of rendered ui layers
Summary
A vulnerability was found in Ucweb UC Browser 11.2.5.932. It has been classified as critical. Affected is an unknown function of the component HTML Handler. The manipulation of the argument title leads to improper restriction of rendered ui layers (URL). It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-14 17:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1021 - Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ucweb UC Browser Affected: 11.2.5.932
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2017-16775 (GCVE-0-2017-16775)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2019-04-01 14:25 – Updated: 2024-09-17 02:11
VLAI
Summary
Improper restriction of rendered UI layers or frames vulnerability in SSOOauth.cgi in Synology SSO Server before 2.1.3-0129 allows remote attackers to conduct clickjacking attacks via unspecified vectors.
Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
CWE
  • CWE-1021 - Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames (CWE-1021)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Synology SSO Server Affected: unspecified , < 2.1.3-0129 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2019-03-31 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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GHSA-24V3-254G-JV85

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-19 21:32 – Updated: 2025-12-19 21:32
VLAI
Summary
Tuta Mail has DOM attribute and CSS injection in its Contact Viewer feature
Details

Impact

Users importing contacts from untrusted sources.

Specifically crafted contact data can lead to some of DOM modifications for the link button next to the field e.g. the link address can be overriden. CSS can be manipulated to give the button arbitrary look and change it's size so that any click on the screen would lead to the specified URL. Modifying event listeners does not seem to be possible so no JS can be executed (which would also be prevented by CSP).

Technical details

The data is included as part of the mithril's hyperscript selector. It is possible to define a value like ][href=https://ddg.gg][style=position:fixed;width:150vw;height:200vh which will be included in the selector passed to Mithril and will be interpreted as part of the code.

Patches

https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/commit/e28345f5f78f628f9d5c04e785f79543f01dca8b

Workarounds

Do not open contact viewer on unpatched versions. If the contact was opened, close the app or use keyboard shortcuts to switch to another part of the app.

Severity
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@tutao/tutanota-utils"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "314.251111.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1021",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-19T21:32:35Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nUsers importing contacts from untrusted sources.\n\nSpecifically crafted contact data can lead to some of DOM modifications for the link button next to the field e.g. the link address can be overriden. CSS can be manipulated to give the button arbitrary look and change it\u0027s size so that any click on the screen would lead to the specified URL. Modifying event listeners does *not* seem to be possible so no JS can be executed (which would also be prevented by CSP).\n\n## Technical details\nThe data is included as part of the [mithril\u0027s hyperscript selector](https://mithril.js.org/hyperscript.html#css-selectors). It is possible to define a value like `][href=https://ddg.gg][style=position:fixed;width:150vw;height:200vh` which will be included in the selector passed to Mithril and will be interpreted as part of the code.\n\n### Patches\nhttps://github.com/tutao/tutanota/commit/e28345f5f78f628f9d5c04e785f79543f01dca8b\n\n### Workarounds\nDo not open contact viewer on unpatched versions. If the contact was opened, close the app or use keyboard shortcuts to switch to another part of the app.",
  "id": "GHSA-24v3-254g-jv85",
  "modified": "2025-12-19T21:32:35Z",
  "published": "2025-12-19T21:32:35Z",
  "references": [
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/security/advisories/GHSA-24v3-254g-jv85"
    },
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      "url": "https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/blob/452700a96d490646550ad2a02229973590291faf/src/mail-app/contacts/view/ContactViewer.ts#L326"
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    },
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      "url": "https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/blob/452700a96d490646550ad2a02229973590291faf/src/mail-app/contacts/view/ContactViewer.ts#L391"
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      "url": "https://github.com/tutao/tutanota/blob/452700a96d490646550ad2a02229973590291faf/src/mail-app/contacts/view/ContactViewer.ts#L415"
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    }
  ],
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}

GHSA-2527-G53R-VW26

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-21 00:00
VLAI
Details

In HarmfulAppWarningActivity of HarmfulAppWarningActivity.java, there is a possible way to trick victim to install harmful app due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-12LAndroid ID: A-205595291

Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-39796"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1021"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-12T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In HarmfulAppWarningActivity of HarmfulAppWarningActivity.java, there is a possible way to trick victim to install harmful app due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with User execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-12LAndroid ID: A-205595291",
  "id": "GHSA-2527-g53r-vw26",
  "modified": "2022-04-21T00:00:58Z",
  "published": "2022-04-13T00:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39796"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2022-04-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-25CQ-QCQP-7FM4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-13 00:00
VLAI
Details

A vulnerable code in onCreate of BluetoothScanDialog prior to SMR Aug-2022 Release 1, allows attackers to trick the user to select an unwanted bluetooth device via tapjacking/overlay attack.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-33723"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1021"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-05T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerable code in onCreate of BluetoothScanDialog prior to SMR Aug-2022 Release 1, allows attackers to trick the user to select an unwanted bluetooth device via tapjacking/overlay attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-25cq-qcqp-7fm4",
  "modified": "2022-08-13T00:00:37Z",
  "published": "2022-08-06T00:00:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33723"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=08"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2678-MH77-MJGV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-01 00:01
VLAI
Details

IBM Jazz Team Server 6.0.6, 6.0.6.1, 7.0, 7.0.1, and 7.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim's click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 206091.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29865"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1021"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-24T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Jazz Team Server 6.0.6, 6.0.6.1, 7.0, 7.0.1, and 7.0.2 could allow a remote attacker to hijack the clicking action of the victim. By persuading a victim to visit a malicious Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to hijack the victim\u0027s click actions and possibly launch further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 206091.",
  "id": "GHSA-2678-mh77-mjgv",
  "modified": "2022-07-01T00:01:13Z",
  "published": "2022-06-25T00:00:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29865"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/206091"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6597505"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-267F-C3X2-429G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-16 00:00 – Updated: 2021-12-18 00:01
VLAI
Details

In UserDetailsActivity of AndroidManifest.xml, there is a possible DoS due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-9Android ID: A-183411279

Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-1038"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1021"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-15T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In UserDetailsActivity of AndroidManifest.xml, there is a possible DoS due to a tapjacking/overlay attack. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10 Android-11 Android-12 Android-9Android ID: A-183411279",
  "id": "GHSA-267f-c3x2-429g",
  "modified": "2021-12-18T00:01:10Z",
  "published": "2021-12-16T00:00:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1038"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/aaos/2021-12-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-27H5-6X4R-4343

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-04 00:00
VLAI
Details

A CWE-1021 Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames vulnerability exists that could cause unintended modifications of the product settings or user accounts when deceiving the user to use the web interface rendered within iframes. Affected Products: EVlink City EVC1S22P4 / EVC1S7P4 (All versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.2 ), EVlink Parking EVW2 / EVF2 / EVP2PE (All versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.2), and EVlink Smart Wallbox EVB1A (All versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.2)

Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-22819"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1021"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-28T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A CWE-1021 Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames vulnerability exists that could cause unintended modifications of the product settings or user accounts when deceiving the user to use the web interface rendered within iframes. Affected Products: EVlink City EVC1S22P4 / EVC1S7P4 (All versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.2 ), EVlink Parking EVW2 / EVF2 / EVP2PE (All versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.2), and EVlink Smart Wallbox EVB1A (All versions prior to R8 V3.4.0.2)",
  "id": "GHSA-27h5-6x4r-4343",
  "modified": "2022-02-04T00:00:44Z",
  "published": "2022-01-29T00:00:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22819"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2021-348-02"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}
Mitigation
Implementation
  • The use of X-Frame-Options allows developers of web content to restrict the usage of their application within the form of overlays, frames, or iFrames. The developer can indicate from which domains can frame the content.
  • The concept of X-Frame-Options is well documented, but implementation of this protection mechanism is in development to cover gaps. There is a need for allowing frames from multiple domains.
Mitigation
Implementation
  • A developer can use a "frame-breaker" script in each page that should not be framed. This is very helpful for legacy browsers that do not support X-Frame-Options security feature previously mentioned.
  • It is also important to note that this tactic has been circumvented or bypassed. Improper usage of frames can persist in the web application through nested frames. The "frame-breaking" script does not intuitively account for multiple nested frames that can be presented to the user.
Mitigation
Implementation

This defense-in-depth technique can be used to prevent the improper usage of frames in web applications. It prioritizes the valid sources of data to be loaded into the application through the usage of declarative policies. Based on which implementation of Content Security Policy is in use, the developer should use the "frame-ancestors" directive or the "frame-src" directive to mitigate this weakness. Both directives allow for the placement of restrictions when it comes to allowing embedded content.

Mitigation
Implementation

In addition to frames or iframes as previously mentioned, the web application is expected to place restrictions on whether it is allowed to be rendered within objects, embed, or applet elements.

CAPEC-103: Clickjacking

An adversary tricks a victim into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from a seemingly completely different, usually an adversary controlled or intended, system.

CAPEC-181: Flash File Overlay

An attacker creates a transparent overlay using flash in order to intercept user actions for the purpose of performing a clickjacking attack. In this technique, the Flash file provides a transparent overlay over HTML content. Because the Flash application is on top of the content, user actions, such as clicks, are caught by the Flash application rather than the underlying HTML. The action is then interpreted by the overlay to perform the actions the attacker wishes.

CAPEC-222: iFrame Overlay

In an iFrame overlay attack the victim is tricked into unknowingly initiating some action in one system while interacting with the UI from seemingly completely different system.

CAPEC-504: Task Impersonation

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates an expected or routine task in an attempt to steal sensitive information or leverage a user's privileges.

CAPEC-506: Tapjacking

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, displays an interface that misleads the user and convinces them to tap on an attacker desired location on the screen. This is often accomplished by overlaying one screen on top of another while giving the appearance of a single interface. There are two main techniques used to accomplish this. The first is to leverage transparent properties that allow taps on the screen to pass through the visible application to an application running in the background. The second is to strategically place a small object (e.g., a button or text field) on top of the visible screen and make it appear to be a part of the underlying application. In both cases, the user is convinced to tap on the screen but does not realize the application that they are interacting with.

CAPEC-587: Cross Frame Scripting (XFS)

This attack pattern combines malicious Javascript and a legitimate webpage loaded into a concealed iframe. The malicious Javascript is then able to interact with a legitimate webpage in a manner that is unknown to the user. This attack usually leverages some element of social engineering in that an attacker must convinces a user to visit a web page that the attacker controls.

CAPEC-654: Credential Prompt Impersonation

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, impersonates a credential prompt in an attempt to steal a user's credentials.

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