CVE-2026-41651 (GCVE-0-2026-41651)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 13:11 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PackageKit vulnerable to TOCTOU Race on Transaction Flags leads to arbitrary package installation as root
Summary
PackageKit is a a D-Bus abstraction layer that allows the user to manage packages in a secure way using a cross-distro, cross-architecture API. PackageKit between and including versions 1.0.2 and 1.3.4 is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition on transaction flags that allows unprivileged users to install packages as root and thus leads to a local privilege escalation. This is patched in version 1.3.5.
A local unprivileged user can install arbitrary RPM packages as root, including executing RPM scriptlets, without authentication. The vulnerability is a TOCTOU race condition on `transaction->cached_transaction_flags` combined with a silent state-machine guard that discards illegal backward transitions while leaving corrupted flags in place. Three bugs exist in `src/pk-transaction.c`:
1. Unconditional flag overwrite (line 4036): `InstallFiles()` writes caller-supplied flags to `transaction->cached_transaction_flags` without checking whether the transaction has already been authorized/started. A second call blindly overwrites the flags even while the transaction is RUNNING.
2. Silent state-transition rejection (lines 873–882): `pk_transaction_set_state()` silently discards backward state transitions (e.g. `RUNNING` → `WAITING_FOR_AUTH`) but the flag overwrite at step 1 already happened. The transaction continues running with corrupted flags.
3. Late flag read at execution time (lines 2273–2277): The scheduler's idle callback reads cached_transaction_flags at dispatch time, not at authorization time. If flags were overwritten between authorization and execution, the backend sees the attacker's flags.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-05 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
22 references
Impacted products
19 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PackageKit | PackageKit |
Affected:
>= 1.0.2, <= 1.3.4
|
guessed | |
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.8-8.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.8-8.el10_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.10-2.el7_9.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-8.el8_10 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.6 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.6 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:1.1.12-6.el8_8.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.6-2.el9_7 , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: 0:1.2.6-2.el9_8 , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.4-2.el9_0.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.4-2.el9_2.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.6-1.el9_4.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.4 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:1.2.6-1.el9_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
|
||
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
|
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"id": "CVE-2026-41651",
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"product_status:fixed": "941",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "17",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "PackageKit: race condition vulnerability leads to arbitrary package installation as root",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-41651.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-22T17:21:17.120Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/22/6"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-41651",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-05T19:37:17.130392Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-22T18:36:20.126Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "PackageKit",
"vendor": "PackageKit",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.0.2, \u003c= 1.3.4"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "PackageKit is a a D-Bus abstraction layer that allows the user to manage packages in a secure way using a cross-distro, cross-architecture API. PackageKit between and including versions 1.0.2 and 1.3.4 is vulnerable to a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition on transaction flags that allows unprivileged users to install packages as root and thus leads to a local privilege escalation. This is patched in version 1.3.5.\n\nA local unprivileged user can install arbitrary RPM packages as root, including executing RPM scriptlets, without authentication. The vulnerability is a TOCTOU race condition on `transaction-\u003ecached_transaction_flags` combined with a silent state-machine guard that discards illegal backward transitions while leaving corrupted flags in place. Three bugs exist in `src/pk-transaction.c`:\n1. Unconditional flag overwrite (line 4036): `InstallFiles()` writes caller-supplied flags to `transaction-\u003ecached_transaction_flags` without checking whether the transaction has already been authorized/started. A second call blindly overwrites the flags even while the transaction is RUNNING.\n2. Silent state-transition rejection (lines 873\u2013882): `pk_transaction_set_state()` silently discards backward state transitions (e.g. `RUNNING` \u2192 `WAITING_FOR_AUTH`) but the flag overwrite at step 1 already happened. The transaction continues running with corrupted flags.\n3. Late flag read at execution time (lines 2273\u20132277): The scheduler\u0027s idle callback reads cached_transaction_flags at dispatch time, not at authorization time. If flags were overwritten between authorization and execution, the backend sees the attacker\u0027s flags."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-367",
"description": "CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-22T13:11:40.174Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/security/advisories/GHSA-f55j-vvr9-69xv",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/security/advisories/GHSA-f55j-vvr9-69xv"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L2273-L2277",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L2273-L2277"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L4036",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L4036"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L873-L882",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/PackageKit/PackageKit/blob/04057883189efa225a7c785591aa87cb299782f8/src/pk-transaction.c#L873-L882"
},
{
"name": "https://github.security.telekom.com/2026/04/pack2theroot-linux-local-privilege-escalation.html",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.security.telekom.com/2026/04/pack2theroot-linux-local-privilege-escalation.html"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-f55j-vvr9-69xv",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "PackageKit vulnerable to TOCTOU Race on Transaction Flags leads to arbitrary package installation as root"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-41651",
"datePublished": "2026-04-22T13:11:40.174Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-21T23:58:43.802Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-06T03:56:11.620Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
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- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
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Vulnerability timeline
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.