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CVE-2025-55161 (GCVE-0-2025-55161)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-11 22:28 – Updated: 2025-08-12 15:50
VLAI Shadowserver Previdian
Title
Stirling-PDF SSRF vulnerability on /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf
Summary
Stirling-PDF is a locally hosted web application that performs various operations on PDF files. Prior to version 1.1.0, when using the /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf endpoint to convert Markdown to PDF, the backend calls a third-party tool to process it and includes a sanitizer for security sanitization which can be bypassed and result in SSRF. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.0.
Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-12 15:50 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Stirling-Tools Stirling-PDF Affected: < 1.1.0
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Shadowserver
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 849c7ac5-194c-4a2f-83d3-192cd895a616

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-55161

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-09-06 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Characteristics
Severity: 98.0
Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-10-07
Asserted: 2025-10-07
Last Seen: 2026-09-06
Scope
Asset Exposure: ['internet-facing']
Notes: Affected: Stirling Tools / Stirling-PDF | Class: other-software | Severity: Critical (CVSS 9.8) | IoT: no | In CISA KEV: no | Honeypot connections on 2026-09-06: 41
Evidence

Type: Honeypot

Signal: In The Wild Attempts

Confidence: 70%

Source: shadowserver

Details
1D 2
Iot no
Feed Shadowserver Foundation honeypot/exploited-vulnerabilities
Type http-scan
Class other-software
7D Avg 0
Vendor Stirling Tools
30D Avg 0
90D Avg 1
Product Stirling-PDF
Cisa Kev no
Connections 41
Observation Date 2026-09-06
Vulnerability Class CVSS
Vulnerability Score 9.8
Vulnerability Severity Critical
References
Created: 2026-07-01 07:18 UTC | Updated: 2026-09-08 01:01 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 17ce57c2-74d1-4f35-ae51-9ea477207ec4

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-55161

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2025-10-08 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-10-08
Asserted: 2025-10-08
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: Stirling-PDF SSRF vulnerability on /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf | Affected: Stirling-Tools / Stirling-PDF | CVSS: 8.6 (HIGH) | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: True
Evidence

Type: Public Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 70%

Source: kevintel

Details
Feed KEVIntel (kevintel.com)
Title Stirling-PDF SSRF vulnerability on /api/v1/convert/markdown/pdf
Vendor Stirling-Tools
Product Stirling-PDF
Added Date 2025-10-08T00:00:00.000Z
Cvss Score 8.6
Epss Score None
Cvss Severity HIGH
Epss Percentile None
Used In Malware unknown
Ahead Of Cisa Kev None
Not Yet In Cisa Kev True
References
Created: 2026-06-19 12:42 UTC | Updated: 2026-06-19 12:42 UTC
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.