CVE-2025-46721 (GCVE-0-2025-46721)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-13 15:29 – Updated: 2025-05-13 19:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nosurf vulnerable to CSRF due to non-functional same-origin request checks
Summary
nosurf is cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection middleware for Go. A vulnerability in versions prior to 1.2.0 allows an attacker who controls content on the target site, or on a subdomain of the target site (either via XSS, or otherwise) to bypass CSRF checks and issue requests on user's behalf. Due to misuse of the Go `net/http` library, nosurf categorizes all incoming requests as plain-text HTTP requests, in which case the `Referer` header is not checked to have the same origin as the target webpage. If the attacker has control over HTML contents on either the target website (e.g. `example.com`), or on a website hosted on a subdomain of the target (e.g. `attacker.example.com`), they will also be able to manipulate cookies set for the target website. By acquiring the secret CSRF token from the cookie, or overriding the cookie with a new token known to the attacker, `attacker.example.com` is able to craft cross-site requests to `example.com`. A patch for the issue was released in nosurf 1.2.0. In lieu of upgrading to a patched version of nosurf, users may additionally use another HTTP middleware to ensure that a non-safe HTTP request is coming from the same origin (e.g. by requiring a `Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin` header in the request).
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-13 19:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/commit/ec9bb77… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/justinas/nosurf-cve-2025-46721 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/releases/tag/v1.2.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-46721",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-13T19:07:19.880514Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-13T19:07:23.093Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "nosurf",
"vendor": "justinas",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.2.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "nosurf is cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection middleware for Go. A vulnerability in versions prior to 1.2.0 allows an attacker who controls content on the target site, or on a subdomain of the target site (either via XSS, or otherwise) to bypass CSRF checks and issue requests on user\u0027s behalf. Due to misuse of the Go `net/http` library, nosurf categorizes all incoming requests as plain-text HTTP requests, in which case the `Referer` header is not checked to have the same origin as the target webpage. If the attacker has control over HTML contents on either the target website (e.g. `example.com`), or on a website hosted on a subdomain of the target (e.g. `attacker.example.com`), they will also be able to manipulate cookies set for the target website. By acquiring the secret CSRF token from the cookie, or overriding the cookie with a new token known to the attacker, `attacker.example.com` is able to craft cross-site requests to `example.com`. A patch for the issue was released in nosurf 1.2.0. In lieu of upgrading to a patched version of nosurf, users may additionally use another HTTP middleware to ensure that a non-safe HTTP request is coming from the same origin (e.g. by requiring a `Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin` header in the request)."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-352",
"description": "CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-13T15:29:30.068Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/security/advisories/GHSA-w9hf-35q4-vcjw",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/security/advisories/GHSA-w9hf-35q4-vcjw"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/commit/ec9bb776d8e5ba9e906b6eb70428f4e7b009feee",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/commit/ec9bb776d8e5ba9e906b6eb70428f4e7b009feee"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf-cve-2025-46721",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf-cve-2025-46721"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/releases/tag/v1.2.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/releases/tag/v1.2.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-w9hf-35q4-vcjw",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "nosurf vulnerable to CSRF due to non-functional same-origin request checks"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-46721",
"datePublished": "2025-05-13T15:29:30.068Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-28T20:56:09.084Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-13T19:07:23.093Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-46721",
"date": "2026-09-28",
"epss": "0.00232",
"percentile": "0.12626"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "nosurf",
"vendor": "justinas",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.2.0"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:nosurf_project:nosurf:*:*:*:*:*:go:*:*",
"matchCriteriaId": "C2513CBF-78BE-420F-9448-6C4226E36EC9",
"versionEndExcluding": "1.2.0",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "nosurf is cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection middleware for Go. A vulnerability in versions prior to 1.2.0 allows an attacker who controls content on the target site, or on a subdomain of the target site (either via XSS, or otherwise) to bypass CSRF checks and issue requests on user\u0027s behalf. Due to misuse of the Go `net/http` library, nosurf categorizes all incoming requests as plain-text HTTP requests, in which case the `Referer` header is not checked to have the same origin as the target webpage. If the attacker has control over HTML contents on either the target website (e.g. `example.com`), or on a website hosted on a subdomain of the target (e.g. `attacker.example.com`), they will also be able to manipulate cookies set for the target website. By acquiring the secret CSRF token from the cookie, or overriding the cookie with a new token known to the attacker, `attacker.example.com` is able to craft cross-site requests to `example.com`. A patch for the issue was released in nosurf 1.2.0. In lieu of upgrading to a patched version of nosurf, users may additionally use another HTTP middleware to ensure that a non-safe HTTP request is coming from the same origin (e.g. by requiring a `Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin` header in the request)."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "nosurf es un middleware de protecci\u00f3n contra cross-site request forgery (CSRF) para Go. Una vulnerabilidad en versiones anteriores a la 1.2.0 permite a un atacante que controla el contenido del sitio web objetivo o de un subdominio del mismo (ya sea mediante XSS o de otro modo) eludir las comprobaciones CSRF y emitir solicitudes en nombre del usuario. Debido al uso indebido de la librer\u00eda `net/http` de Go, nosurf categoriza todas las solicitudes entrantes como solicitudes HTTP de texto plano, en cuyo caso no se comprueba que el encabezado `Referer` tenga el mismo origen que la p\u00e1gina web objetivo. Si el atacante controla el contenido HTML del sitio web objetivo (p. ej., `example.com`) o de un sitio web alojado en un subdominio del sitio objetivo (p. ej., `attacker.example.com`), tambi\u00e9n podr\u00e1 manipular las cookies configuradas para el sitio web objetivo. Al obtener el token CSRF secreto de la cookie o sobrescribirla con un nuevo token conocido por el atacante, `attacker.example.com` puede generar solicitudes entre sitios a `example.com`. Se public\u00f3 una correcci\u00f3n para este problema en nosurf 1.2.0. En lugar de actualizar a una versi\u00f3n parcheada de nosurf, los usuarios pueden usar otro middleware HTTP para garantizar que una solicitud HTTP no segura provenga del mismo origen (por ejemplo, al requerir un encabezado `Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin` en la solicitud)."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-46721",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:26:52.463",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.8,
"impactScore": 2.7,
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"type": "Primary"
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"cvssData": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 6.0,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-46721",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-13T19:07:19.880514Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-05-13T16:15:31.750",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Not Applicable"
],
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Exploit",
"Third Party Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf-cve-2025-46721"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/commit/ec9bb776d8e5ba9e906b6eb70428f4e7b009feee"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Release Notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/releases/tag/v1.2.0"
},
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"tags": [
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/security/advisories/GHSA-w9hf-35q4-vcjw"
},
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"tags": [
"Not Applicable"
],
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-352"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2025-05-28T18:18:36+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-46721",
"id": "CVE-2025-46721",
"initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "nosurf vulnerable to CSRF due to non-functional same-origin request checks",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-46721.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-46721",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-13T19:07:19.880514Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-13T19:07:11.685Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "nosurf",
"vendor": "justinas",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.2.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "nosurf is cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection middleware for Go. A vulnerability in versions prior to 1.2.0 allows an attacker who controls content on the target site, or on a subdomain of the target site (either via XSS, or otherwise) to bypass CSRF checks and issue requests on user\u0027s behalf. Due to misuse of the Go `net/http` library, nosurf categorizes all incoming requests as plain-text HTTP requests, in which case the `Referer` header is not checked to have the same origin as the target webpage. If the attacker has control over HTML contents on either the target website (e.g. `example.com`), or on a website hosted on a subdomain of the target (e.g. `attacker.example.com`), they will also be able to manipulate cookies set for the target website. By acquiring the secret CSRF token from the cookie, or overriding the cookie with a new token known to the attacker, `attacker.example.com` is able to craft cross-site requests to `example.com`. A patch for the issue was released in nosurf 1.2.0. In lieu of upgrading to a patched version of nosurf, users may additionally use another HTTP middleware to ensure that a non-safe HTTP request is coming from the same origin (e.g. by requiring a `Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin` header in the request)."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "PASSIVE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-352",
"description": "CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-13T15:29:30.068Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/security/advisories/GHSA-w9hf-35q4-vcjw",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/security/advisories/GHSA-w9hf-35q4-vcjw"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/commit/ec9bb776d8e5ba9e906b6eb70428f4e7b009feee",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/commit/ec9bb776d8e5ba9e906b6eb70428f4e7b009feee"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-rq77-p4h8-4crw"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf-cve-2025-46721",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf-cve-2025-46721"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/releases/tag/v1.2.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/justinas/nosurf/releases/tag/v1.2.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-w9hf-35q4-vcjw",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "nosurf vulnerable to CSRF due to non-functional same-origin request checks"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-46721",
"datePublished": "2025-05-13T15:29:30.068Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-28T20:56:09.084Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-13T19:07:23.093Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…