CVE-2025-30194 (GCVE-0-2025-30194)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-29 11:25 – Updated: 2025-06-20 15:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Denial of service via crafted DoH exchange
Summary
When DNSdist is configured to provide DoH via the nghttp2 provider, an attacker can cause a denial of service by crafting a DoH exchange that triggers an illegal memory access (double-free) and crash of DNSdist, causing a denial of service.
The remedy is: upgrade to the patched 1.9.9 version.
A workaround is to temporarily switch to the h2o provider until DNSdist has been upgraded to a fixed version.
We would like to thank Charles Howes for bringing this issue to our attention.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-04-29 13:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-416 - User After Free
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-04-29 10:17
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-20T15:42:56.102Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/29/1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-30194-detection-dnsdist-vulnerability"
},
{
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-30194-mitigate-dnsdist-vulnerability"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "ADPogram 0.0.1"
}
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-30194",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-04-29T13:24:59.318458Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-29T13:25:09.226Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.powerdns.com/",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"DNS over HTTPS"
],
"packageName": "dnsdist",
"product": "DNSdist",
"programFiles": [
"dnsdist-doh-common.hh"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/PowerDNS/pdns",
"vendor": "PowerDNS",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.9.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.9.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Charles Howes"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-04-29T10:17:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eWhen DNSdist is configured to provide DoH via the nghttp2 provider, an attacker can cause a denial of service by crafting a DoH exchange that triggers an illegal memory access (double-free) and crash of DNSdist, causing a denial of service.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe remedy is: upgrade to the patched 1.9.9 version.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA workaround is to temporarily switch to the h2o provider until DNSdist has been upgraded to a fixed version.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank Charles Howes for bringing this issue to our attention.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "When DNSdist is configured to provide DoH via the nghttp2 provider, an attacker can cause a denial of service by crafting a DoH exchange that triggers an illegal memory access (double-free) and crash of DNSdist, causing a denial of service.\n\nThe remedy is: upgrade to the patched 1.9.9 version.\n\nA workaround is to temporarily switch to the h2o provider until DNSdist has been upgraded to a fixed version.\n\nWe would like to thank Charles Howes for bringing this issue to our attention."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-416",
"description": "CWE-416 User After Free",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-29T11:27:04.926Z",
"orgId": "8ce71d90-2354-404b-a86e-bec2cc4e6981",
"shortName": "OX"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://dnsdist.org/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-for-dnsdist-2025-02.html"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "PowerDNS Security Advisory 2025-02",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Denial of service via crafted DoH exchange",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8ce71d90-2354-404b-a86e-bec2cc4e6981",
"assignerShortName": "OX",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-30194",
"datePublished": "2025-04-29T11:25:47.141Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-03-18T08:39:46.884Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-20T15:42:56.102Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1",
"vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
"epss": {
"cve": "CVE-2025-30194",
"date": "2026-09-20",
"epss": "0.02238",
"percentile": "0.82059"
},
"nvd": {
"cve": {
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.powerdns.com/",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"DNS over HTTPS"
],
"packageName": "dnsdist",
"product": "DNSdist",
"programFiles": [
"dnsdist-doh-common.hh"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/PowerDNS/pdns",
"vendor": "PowerDNS",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.9.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.9.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security@open-xchange.com"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "When DNSdist is configured to provide DoH via the nghttp2 provider, an attacker can cause a denial of service by crafting a DoH exchange that triggers an illegal memory access (double-free) and crash of DNSdist, causing a denial of service.\n\nThe remedy is: upgrade to the patched 1.9.9 version.\n\nA workaround is to temporarily switch to the h2o provider until DNSdist has been upgraded to a fixed version.\n\nWe would like to thank Charles Howes for bringing this issue to our attention."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Cuando DNSdist est\u00e1 configurado para proporcionar DoH a trav\u00e9s del proveedor nghttp2, un atacante puede provocar una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio creando un intercambio de DoH que desencadena un acceso ilegal a memoria (doble liberaci\u00f3n) y el bloqueo de DNSdist, lo que provoca una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio. La soluci\u00f3n es actualizar a la versi\u00f3n 1.9.9 parcheada. Una alternativa es cambiar temporalmente al proveedor h2o hasta que DNSdist se actualice a una versi\u00f3n corregida. Agradecemos a Charles Howes por informarnos sobre este problema."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2025-30194",
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:08:19.793",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
"impactScore": 3.6,
"source": "security@open-xchange.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-30194",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-04-29T13:24:59.318458Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2025-04-29T12:15:31.983",
"references": [
{
"source": "security@open-xchange.com",
"url": "https://dnsdist.org/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-for-dnsdist-2025-02.html"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/29/1"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-30194-detection-dnsdist-vulnerability"
},
{
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-30194-mitigate-dnsdist-vulnerability"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security@open-xchange.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-416"
}
],
"source": "security@open-xchange.com",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
},
"redhat_vex": {
"current_release_date": "2026-06-28T06:48:24+00:00",
"cve": "CVE-2025-30194",
"id": "CVE-2025-30194",
"initial_release_date": "2025-04-29T11:25:47.141000+00:00",
"product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
"source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
"status": "final",
"title": "dnsdist: Denial of service via crafted DoH exchange",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-30194.json",
"version": "3"
},
"vulnrichment": {
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-20T15:42:56.102Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/29/1"
},
{
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-30194-detection-dnsdist-vulnerability"
},
{
"url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-30194-mitigate-dnsdist-vulnerability"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "ADPogram 0.0.1"
}
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-30194",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-04-29T13:24:59.318458Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-29T13:25:05.611Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://repo.powerdns.com/",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"modules": [
"DNS over HTTPS"
],
"packageName": "dnsdist",
"product": "DNSdist",
"programFiles": [
"dnsdist-doh-common.hh"
],
"repo": "https://github.com/PowerDNS/pdns",
"vendor": "PowerDNS",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "1.9.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "1.9.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Charles Howes"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-04-29T10:17:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eWhen DNSdist is configured to provide DoH via the nghttp2 provider, an attacker can cause a denial of service by crafting a DoH exchange that triggers an illegal memory access (double-free) and crash of DNSdist, causing a denial of service.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe remedy is: upgrade to the patched 1.9.9 version.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA workaround is to temporarily switch to the h2o provider until DNSdist has been upgraded to a fixed version.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank Charles Howes for bringing this issue to our attention.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "When DNSdist is configured to provide DoH via the nghttp2 provider, an attacker can cause a denial of service by crafting a DoH exchange that triggers an illegal memory access (double-free) and crash of DNSdist, causing a denial of service.\n\nThe remedy is: upgrade to the patched 1.9.9 version.\n\nA workaround is to temporarily switch to the h2o provider until DNSdist has been upgraded to a fixed version.\n\nWe would like to thank Charles Howes for bringing this issue to our attention."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-416",
"description": "CWE-416 User After Free",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-04-29T11:27:04.926Z",
"orgId": "8ce71d90-2354-404b-a86e-bec2cc4e6981",
"shortName": "OX"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://dnsdist.org/security-advisories/powerdns-advisory-for-dnsdist-2025-02.html"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "PowerDNS Security Advisory 2025-02",
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Denial of service via crafted DoH exchange",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8ce71d90-2354-404b-a86e-bec2cc4e6981",
"assignerShortName": "OX",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-30194",
"datePublished": "2025-04-29T11:25:47.141Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-03-18T08:39:46.884Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-20T15:42:56.102Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
}
}
Loading…
Loading…
Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Loading…
The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
Loading…
Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
Loading…