CVE-2024-56669 (GCVE-0-2024-56669)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-27 15:06 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:45
VLAI
Title
iommu/vt-d: Remove cache tags before disabling ATS
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/vt-d: Remove cache tags before disabling ATS The current implementation removes cache tags after disabling ATS, leading to potential memory leaks and kernel crashes. Specifically, CACHE_TAG_DEVTLB type cache tags may still remain in the list even after the domain is freed, causing a use-after-free condition. This issue really shows up when multiple VFs from different PFs passed through to a single user-space process via vfio-pci. In such cases, the kernel may crash with kernel messages like: BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000014 PGD 19036a067 P4D 1940a3067 PUD 136c9b067 PMD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI CPU: 74 UID: 0 PID: 3183 Comm: testCli Not tainted 6.11.9 #2 RIP: 0010:cache_tag_flush_range+0x9b/0x250 Call Trace: <TASK> ? __die+0x1f/0x60 ? page_fault_oops+0x163/0x590 ? exc_page_fault+0x72/0x190 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30 ? cache_tag_flush_range+0x9b/0x250 ? cache_tag_flush_range+0x5d/0x250 intel_iommu_tlb_sync+0x29/0x40 intel_iommu_unmap_pages+0xfe/0x160 __iommu_unmap+0xd8/0x1a0 vfio_unmap_unpin+0x182/0x340 [vfio_iommu_type1] vfio_remove_dma+0x2a/0xb0 [vfio_iommu_type1] vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl+0xafa/0x18e0 [vfio_iommu_type1] Move cache_tag_unassign_domain() before iommu_disable_pci_caps() to fix it.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-11 15:41 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 3b1d9e2b2d6856eabf5faa12d20c97fef657999f , < 9a0a72d3ed919ebe6491f527630998be053151d8 (git)
Affected: 3b1d9e2b2d6856eabf5faa12d20c97fef657999f , < 1f2557e08a617a4b5e92a48a1a9a6f86621def18 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.6 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Show details on NVD website
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            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: iommu/vt-d: eliminar etiquetas de cach\u00e9 antes de deshabilitar ATS La implementaci\u00f3n actual elimina las etiquetas de cach\u00e9 despu\u00e9s de deshabilitar ATS, lo que genera posibles fugas de memoria y fallas del kernel. Espec\u00edficamente, las etiquetas de cach\u00e9 de tipo CACHE_TAG_DEVTLB pueden permanecer en la lista incluso despu\u00e9s de que se libere el dominio, lo que provoca una condici\u00f3n de use-after-free. Este problema realmente aparece cuando m\u00faltiples VF de diferentes PF pasan a un solo proceso de espacio de usuario a trav\u00e9s de vfio-pci. En tales casos, el n\u00facleo puede bloquearse con mensajes como: ERROR: desreferencia de puntero NULL del n\u00facleo, direcci\u00f3n: 0000000000000014 PGD 19036a067 P4D 1940a3067 PUD 136c9b067 PMD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI CPU: 74 UID: 0 PID: 3183 Comm: testCli No contaminado 6.11.9 #2 RIP: 0010:cache_tag_flush_range+0x9b/0x250 Rastreo de llamadas:  ? __die+0x1f/0x60 ? page_fault_oops+0x163/0x590 ? exc_page_fault+0x72/0x190 ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30 ? rango_de_desinfecci\u00f3n_de_etiquetas_de_cach\u00e9+0x9b/0x250 ? cache_tag_flush_range+0x5d/0x250 intel_iommu_tlb_sync+0x29/0x40 intel_iommu_unmap_pages+0xfe/0x160 __iommu_unmap+0xd8/0x1a0 vfio_unmap_unpin+0x182/0x340 [vfio_iommu_type1] vfio_remove_dma+0x2a/0xb0 [vfio_iommu_type1] vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl+0xafa/0x18e0 [vfio_iommu_type1] Mueva cache_tag_unassign_domain() antes de iommu_disable_pci_caps() para solucionarlo."
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          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Low",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-04T22:40:04+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2024-56669",
      "id": "CVE-2024-56669",
      "initial_release_date": "2024-12-27T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "108",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: iommu/vt-d: Remove cache tags before disabling ATS",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2024/cve-2024-56669.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": {
        "adp": [
          {
            "metrics": [
              {
                "cvssV3_1": {
                  "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                  "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                  "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "baseScore": 7.8,
                  "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                  "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                  "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                  "version": "3.1"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2024-56669",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-02-11T15:41:33.499113Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
              {
                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-416",
                    "description": "CWE-416 Use After Free",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-02-11T15:41:35.398Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "lessThan": "9a0a72d3ed919ebe6491f527630998be053151d8",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "3b1d9e2b2d6856eabf5faa12d20c97fef657999f",
                  "versionType": "git"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "1f2557e08a617a4b5e92a48a1a9a6f86621def18",
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "3b1d9e2b2d6856eabf5faa12d20c97fef657999f",
                  "versionType": "git"
                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "defaultStatus": "affected",
              "product": "Linux",
              "programFiles": [
                "drivers/iommu/intel/iommu.c"
              ],
              "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
              "vendor": "Linux",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "6.10"
                },
                {
                  "lessThan": "6.10",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "0",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.12.6",
                  "versionType": "semver"
                },
                {
                  "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
                  "status": "unaffected",
                  "version": "6.13",
                  "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "cpeApplicability": [
            {
              "nodes": [
                {
                  "cpeMatch": [
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.6",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    },
                    {
                      "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                      "versionEndExcluding": "6.13",
                      "versionStartIncluding": "6.10",
                      "vulnerable": true
                    }
                  ],
                  "negate": false,
                  "operator": "OR"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/vt-d: Remove cache tags before disabling ATS\n\nThe current implementation removes cache tags after disabling ATS,\nleading to potential memory leaks and kernel crashes. Specifically,\nCACHE_TAG_DEVTLB type cache tags may still remain in the list even\nafter the domain is freed, causing a use-after-free condition.\n\nThis issue really shows up when multiple VFs from different PFs\npassed through to a single user-space process via vfio-pci. In such\ncases, the kernel may crash with kernel messages like:\n\n BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000014\n PGD 19036a067 P4D 1940a3067 PUD 136c9b067 PMD 0\n Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI\n CPU: 74 UID: 0 PID: 3183 Comm: testCli Not tainted 6.11.9 #2\n RIP: 0010:cache_tag_flush_range+0x9b/0x250\n Call Trace:\n  \u003cTASK\u003e\n  ? __die+0x1f/0x60\n  ? page_fault_oops+0x163/0x590\n  ? exc_page_fault+0x72/0x190\n  ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30\n  ? cache_tag_flush_range+0x9b/0x250\n  ? cache_tag_flush_range+0x5d/0x250\n  intel_iommu_tlb_sync+0x29/0x40\n  intel_iommu_unmap_pages+0xfe/0x160\n  __iommu_unmap+0xd8/0x1a0\n  vfio_unmap_unpin+0x182/0x340 [vfio_iommu_type1]\n  vfio_remove_dma+0x2a/0xb0 [vfio_iommu_type1]\n  vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl+0xafa/0x18e0 [vfio_iommu_type1]\n\nMove cache_tag_unassign_domain() before iommu_disable_pci_caps() to fix\nit."
            }
          ],
          "metrics": [
            {
              "cvssV3_1": {
                "baseScore": 8.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "scenarios": [
                {
                  "lang": "en",
                  "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable path is reached through local VFIO/iommufd ioctls (device attach/detach followed by VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA), as shown by the reported call trace through vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl. No network or physical access is involved.\nAC:L - This is a deterministic ordering bug, not a race: any attach/detach cycle of an ATS-capable device unconditionally orphans the CACHE_TAG_DEVTLB tag, and the attacker fully controls both the detach and the subsequent unmap that walks the stale tag.\nPR:L - An unprivileged local user granted access to a VFIO group/cdev \u2014 the explicitly supported \"safe userspace driver\" model used by DPDK, SPDK and QEMU/libvirt-assigned devices \u2014 can perform the attach/detach and unmap ioctls that trigger the stale tag, requiring only low privileges rather than real root.\nUI:N - The attacker\u0027s own sequence of ioctls on its VFIO container triggers the orphaned cache tag and the subsequent dereference; no action by any other user or administrator is needed.\nS:C - The defect is in the VT-d device-TLB invalidation tracking that enforces DMA isolation, and the corrupted tag causes ATS invalidation descriptors to be programmed into the IOMMU hardware from NULL/freed device_domain_info, affecting the DMA/IOMMU boundary that protects host memory from passthrough devices and their assigned guest owners.\nC:H - The stale tag causes a use-after-free read of the freed device_domain_info (and the freed struct device\u0027s dev_iommu), so heap-groomed contents of a reclaimed slab object are read out and used to construct hardware invalidation descriptors, giving an attacker-influenced read primitive against freed kernel memory.\nI:H - The use-after-free lets an attacker spray the reclaimed device_domain_info slot so that bus/devfn/pfsid/ats_qdep values under their control are written into queued-invalidation descriptors submitted to the IOMMU, and per standard treatment a UAF of this kind is leverageable for kernel memory corruption.\nA:H - The bug reproducibly panics the kernel \u2014 the reporter\u0027s NULL pointer dereference at address 0x14 in cache_tag_flush_range with multiple VFs passed through via vfio-pci \u2014 and the leaked cache tags additionally accumulate unbounded on every attach/detach cycle."
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:45:59.525Z",
            "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "shortName": "Linux"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9a0a72d3ed919ebe6491f527630998be053151d8"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1f2557e08a617a4b5e92a48a1a9a6f86621def18"
            }
          ],
          "title": "iommu/vt-d: Remove cache tags before disabling ATS",
          "x_generator": {
            "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
          }
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "assignerShortName": "Linux",
        "cveId": "CVE-2024-56669",
        "datePublished": "2024-12-27T15:06:30.792Z",
        "dateReserved": "2024-12-27T15:00:39.844Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:45:59.525Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


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Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.