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CVE-2023-33538 (GCVE-0-2023-33538)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-06-07 00:00 – Updated: 2025-12-20 04:55
VLAI CISA Shadowserver Previdian
Summary
TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm .
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: active Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-06-16 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • n/a
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: afd6750c-6c57-4ad3-959f-44d76e754640

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2023-33538

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2025-06-16 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2025-06-16
Asserted: 2025-06-16
Scope
Notes: KEV entry: TP-Link Multiple Routers Command Injection Vulnerability | Affected: TP-Link / Multiple Routers | Description: TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm. The impacted products could be end-of-life (EoL) and/or end-of-service (EoS). Users should discontinue product utilization. | Required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. | Due date: 2025-07-07 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://www.tp-link.com/nordic/support/faq/3562/ ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33538
Evidence

Type: Vendor Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 80%

Source: cisa-kev

Details
Cwes CWE-77
Feed CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog
Product Multiple Routers
Due Date 2025-07-07
Date Added 2025-06-16
Vendorproject TP-Link
Vulnerabilityname TP-Link Multiple Routers Command Injection Vulnerability
Knownransomwarecampaignuse Unknown
References
Created: 2026-02-02 13:24 UTC | Updated: 2026-02-06 07:53 UTC
Shadowserver
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: e1a1efe6-3b6c-476c-90b6-f3707e522f49

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2023-33538

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-08-12 18:35 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Characteristics
Severity: 88.0
Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-08-12
Asserted: 2026-08-12
Last Seen: 2026-08-12
Scope
Asset Exposure: ['internet-facing']
Notes: Affected: TP-Link / TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 | Class: router | Severity: High (CVSS 8.8) | IoT: yes | In CISA KEV: yes | Honeypot connections on 2026-08-12: 3
Evidence

Type: Honeypot

Signal: In The Wild Attempts

Confidence: 70%

Source: shadowserver

Details
1D 1
Iot yes
Feed Shadowserver Foundation honeypot/exploited-vulnerabilities
Type http-scan
Class router
7D Avg 0
Vendor TP-Link
30D Avg 0
90D Avg 0
Product TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2
Cisa Kev yes
Connections 3
Observation Date 2026-08-12
Vulnerability Class CVSS
Vulnerability Score 8.8
Vulnerability Severity High
References
Created: 2026-08-14 01:01 UTC | Updated: 2026-08-14 01:01 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: e2f5f21b-9513-4130-9f28-aa10f1585de5

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2023-33538

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-06-01 10:33 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-06-01
Asserted: 2026-06-01
Scope
Notes: KEVIntel entry: TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component... | Affected: TP-Link / TL-WR940N, TL-WR841N, TL-WR740N | CVSS: 8.8 (HIGH) | EPSS: 0.42568 | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: False
Evidence

Type: Public Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 70%

Source: kevintel

Details
Feed KEVIntel (kevintel.com)
Title TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component...
Vendor TP-Link
Product TL-WR940N, TL-WR841N, TL-WR740N
Added Date 2026-06-01T10:33:02.281Z
Cvss Score 8.8
Epss Score 0.42568
Cvss Severity HIGH
Epss Percentile 0.98538
Used In Malware unknown
Ahead Of Cisa Kev 
{
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  "unit": "day"
}
Not Yet In Cisa Kev False
References
Created: 2026-06-19 12:42 UTC | Updated: 2026-06-19 12:42 UTC
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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                  "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                  "userInteraction": "NONE",
                  "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                  "version": "3.1"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2023-33538",
                    "options": [
                      {
                        "Exploitation": "active"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "yes"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-12-19T15:02:11.850148Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
                }
              },
              {
                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "dateAdded": "2025-06-16",
                    "reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-33538"
                  },
                  "type": "kev"
                }
              }
            ],
            "problemTypes": [
              {
                "descriptions": [
                  {
                    "cweId": "CWE-77",
                    "description": "CWE-77 Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027)",
                    "lang": "en",
                    "type": "CWE"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ],
            "providerMetadata": {
              "dateUpdated": "2025-01-07T14:29:10.552Z",
              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "references": [
              {
                "tags": [
                  "vendor-advisory",
                  "mitigation"
                ],
                "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/3562/"
              },
              {
                "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230609111043/https://github.com/a101e-IoTvul/iotvul/blob/main/tp-link/3/TL-WR940N_TL-WR841N_userRpm_WlanNetworkRpm_Command_Injection.md"
              },
              {
                "tags": [
                  "government-resource"
                ],
                "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-33538"
              }
            ],
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
          }
        ],
        "cna": {
          "affected": [
            {
              "product": "n/a",
              "vendor": "n/a",
              "versions": [
                {
                  "status": "affected",
                  "version": "n/a"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the component /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm ."
            }
          ],
          "problemTypes": [
            {
              "descriptions": [
                {
                  "description": "n/a",
                  "lang": "en",
                  "type": "text"
                }
              ]
            }
          ],
          "providerMetadata": {
            "dateUpdated": "2025-07-09T17:04:10.565Z",
            "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
            "shortName": "mitre"
          },
          "references": [
            {
              "url": "https://github.com/a101e-IoTvul/iotvul/blob/main/tp-link/3/TL-WR940N_TL-WR841N_userRpm_WlanNetworkRpm_Command_Injection.md"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230609111043/https://github.com/a101e-IoTvul/iotvul/blob/main/tp-link/3/TL-WR940N_TL-WR841N_userRpm_WlanNetworkRpm_Command_Injection.md"
            },
            {
              "url": "https://www.secpod.com/blog/cisa-issues-warning-on-active-exploitation-of-tp-link-vulnerability-cve-2023-33538/"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "cveMetadata": {
        "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "assignerShortName": "mitre",
        "cveId": "CVE-2023-33538",
        "datePublished": "2023-06-07T00:00:00.000Z",
        "dateReserved": "2023-05-22T00:00:00.000Z",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-12-20T04:55:28.389Z",
        "state": "PUBLISHED"
      },
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.