Search criteria
82 vulnerabilities found for git by git-scm
CVE-2025-48384 (GCVE-0-2025-48384)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2025-07-08 18:23 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:11
VLAI?
Title
Git allows arbitrary code execution through broken config quoting
Summary
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. When reading a config value, Git strips any trailing carriage return and line feed (CRLF). When writing a config entry, values with a trailing CR are not quoted, causing the CR to be lost when the config is later read. When initializing a submodule, if the submodule path contains a trailing CR, the altered path is read resulting in the submodule being checked out to an incorrect location. If a symlink exists that points the altered path to the submodule hooks directory, and the submodule contains an executable post-checkout hook, the script may be unintentionally executed after checkout. This vulnerability is fixed in v2.43.7, v2.44.4, v2.45.4, v2.46.4, v2.47.3, v2.48.2, v2.49.1, and v2.50.1.
Severity ?
8.1 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-32465 (GCVE-0-2024-32465)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2024-05-14 19:18 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:12
VLAI?
Title
Git's protections for cloning untrusted repositories can be bypassed
Summary
Git is a revision control system. The Git project recommends to avoid working in untrusted repositories, and instead to clone it first with `git clone --no-local` to obtain a clean copy. Git has specific protections to make that a safe operation even with an untrusted source repository, but vulnerabilities allow those protections to be bypassed. In the context of cloning local repositories owned by other users, this vulnerability has been covered in CVE-2024-32004. But there are circumstances where the fixes for CVE-2024-32004 are not enough: For example, when obtaining a `.zip` file containing a full copy of a Git repository, it should not be trusted by default to be safe, as e.g. hooks could be configured to run within the context of that repository. The problem has been patched in versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4. As a workaround, avoid using Git in repositories that have been obtained via archives from untrusted sources.
Severity ?
7.4 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-32021 (GCVE-0-2024-32021)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2024-05-14 19:15 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:12
VLAI?
Title
Local Git clone may hardlink arbitrary user-readable files into the new repository's "objects/" directory
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4, when cloning a local source repository that contains symlinks via the filesystem, Git may create hardlinks to arbitrary user-readable files on the same filesystem as the target repository in the `objects/` directory. Cloning a local repository over the filesystem may creating hardlinks to arbitrary user-owned files on the same filesystem in the target Git repository's `objects/` directory. When cloning a repository over the filesystem (without explicitly specifying the `file://` protocol or `--no-local`), the optimizations for local cloning
will be used, which include attempting to hard link the object files instead of copying them. While the code includes checks against symbolic links in the source repository, which were added during the fix for CVE-2022-39253, these checks can still be raced because the hard link operation ultimately follows symlinks. If the object on the filesystem appears as a file during the check, and then a symlink during the operation, this will allow the adversary to bypass the check and create hardlinks in the destination objects directory to arbitrary, user-readable files. The problem has been patched in versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-547 - Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-32020 (GCVE-0-2024-32020)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2024-05-14 18:54 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:52
VLAI?
Title
Cloning local Git repository by untrusted user allows the untrusted user to modify objects in the cloned repository at will
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4, local clones may end up hardlinking files into the target repository's object database when source and target repository reside on the same disk. If the source repository is owned by a different user, then those hardlinked files may be rewritten at any point in time by the untrusted user. Cloning local repositories will cause Git to either copy or hardlink files of the source repository into the target repository. This significantly speeds up such local clones compared to doing a "proper" clone and saves both disk space and compute time. When cloning a repository located on the same disk that is owned by a different user than the current user we also end up creating such hardlinks. These files will continue to be owned and controlled by the potentially-untrusted user and can be rewritten by them at will in the future. The problem has been patched in versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-281 - Improper Preservation of Permissions
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-32004 (GCVE-0-2024-32004)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2024-05-14 18:46 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:12
VLAI?
Title
Git vulnerable to Remote Code Execution while cloning special-crafted local repositories
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4, an attacker can prepare a local repository in such a way that, when cloned, will execute arbitrary code during the operation. The problem has been patched in versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4. As a workaround, avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources.
Severity ?
8.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-114 - Process Control
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-29007 (GCVE-0-2023-29007)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2023-04-25 20:09 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:10
VLAI?
Title
Arbitrary configuration injection via `git submodule deinit`
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.30.9, 2.31.8, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, 2.34.8, 2.35.8, 2.36.6, 2.37.7, 2.38.5, 2.39.3, and 2.40.1, a specially crafted `.gitmodules` file with submodule URLs that are longer than 1024 characters can used to exploit a bug in `config.c::git_config_copy_or_rename_section_in_file()`. This bug can be used to inject arbitrary configuration into a user's `$GIT_DIR/config` when attempting to remove the configuration section associated with that submodule. When the attacker injects configuration values which specify executables to run (such as `core.pager`, `core.editor`, `core.sshCommand`, etc.) this can lead to a remote code execution. A fix A fix is available in versions 2.30.9, 2.31.8, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, 2.34.8, 2.35.8, 2.36.6, 2.37.7, 2.38.5, 2.39.3, and 2.40.1. As a workaround, avoid running `git submodule deinit` on untrusted repositories or without prior inspection of any submodule sections in `$GIT_DIR/config`.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
< 2.30.9
Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.8 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.7 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.8 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.8 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.8 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.6 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.7 Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.5 Affected: >= 2.39.0, < 2.39.3 Affected: >= 2.40.0, < 2.40.1 |
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CVE-2023-25652 (GCVE-0-2023-25652)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2023-04-25 19:17 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:09
VLAI?
Title
"git apply --reject" partially-controlled arbitrary file write
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.30.9, 2.31.8, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, 2.34.8, 2.35.8, 2.36.6, 2.37.7, 2.38.5, 2.39.3, and 2.40.1, by feeding specially crafted input to `git apply --reject`, a path outside the working tree can be overwritten with partially controlled contents (corresponding to the rejected hunk(s) from the given patch). A fix is available in versions 2.30.9, 2.31.8, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, 2.34.8, 2.35.8, 2.36.6, 2.37.7, 2.38.5, 2.39.3, and 2.40.1. As a workaround, avoid using `git apply` with `--reject` when applying patches from an untrusted source. Use `git apply --stat` to inspect a patch before applying; avoid applying one that create a conflict where a link corresponding to the `*.rej` file exists.
Severity ?
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
< 2.30.9
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CVE-2023-23946 (GCVE-0-2023-23946)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2023-02-14 19:48 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:44
VLAI?
Title
Git's `git apply` overwriting paths outside the working tree
Summary
Git, a revision control system, is vulnerable to path traversal prior to versions 2.39.2, 2.38.4, 2.37.6, 2.36.5, 2.35.7, 2.34.7, 2.33.7, 2.32.6, 2.31.7, and 2.30.8. By feeding a crafted input to `git apply`, a path outside the working tree can be overwritten as the user who is running `git apply`. A fix has been prepared and will appear in v2.39.2, v2.38.4, v2.37.6, v2.36.5, v2.35.7, v2.34.7, v2.33.7, v2.32.6, v2.31.7, and v2.30.8. As a workaround, use `git apply --stat` to inspect a patch before applying; avoid applying one that creates a symbolic link and then creates a file beyond the symbolic link.
Severity ?
6.2 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
>= 2.39.0, < 2.39.2
Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.4 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.6 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.5 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.7 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.7 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.7 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.6 Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.7 Affected: < 2.30.8 |
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CVE-2023-22490 (GCVE-0-2023-22490)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2023-02-14 19:47 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:43
VLAI?
Title
Git vulnerable to local clone-based data exfiltration with non-local transports
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Using a specially-crafted repository, Git prior to versions 2.39.2, 2.38.4, 2.37.6, 2.36.5, 2.35.7, 2.34.7, 2.33.7, 2.32.6, 2.31.7, and 2.30.8 can be tricked into using its local clone optimization even when using a non-local transport. Though Git will abort local clones whose source `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory contains symbolic links, the `objects` directory itself may still be a symbolic link. These two may be combined to include arbitrary files based on known paths on the victim's filesystem within the malicious repository's working copy, allowing for data exfiltration in a similar manner as CVE-2022-39253.
A fix has been prepared and will appear in v2.39.2 v2.38.4 v2.37.6 v2.36.5 v2.35.7 v2.34.7 v2.33.7 v2.32.6, v2.31.7 and v2.30.8. If upgrading is impractical, two short-term workarounds are available. Avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with `--recurse-submodules`. Instead, consider cloning repositories without recursively cloning their submodules, and instead run `git submodule update` at each layer. Before doing so, inspect each new `.gitmodules` file to ensure that it does not contain suspicious module URLs.
Severity ?
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
>= 2.39.0, < 2.39.2
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CVE-2022-41903 (GCVE-0-2022-41903)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2023-01-17 22:17 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:21
VLAI?
Title
Integer overflow in `git archive`, `git log --format` leading to RCE in git
Summary
Git is distributed revision control system. `git log` can display commits in an arbitrary format using its `--format` specifiers. This functionality is also exposed to `git archive` via the `export-subst` gitattribute. When processing the padding operators, there is a integer overflow in `pretty.c::format_and_pad_commit()` where a `size_t` is stored improperly as an `int`, and then added as an offset to a `memcpy()`. This overflow can be triggered directly by a user running a command which invokes the commit formatting machinery (e.g., `git log --format=...`). It may also be triggered indirectly through git archive via the export-subst mechanism, which expands format specifiers inside of files within the repository during a git archive. This integer overflow can result in arbitrary heap writes, which may result in arbitrary code execution. The problem has been patched in the versions published on 2023-01-17, going back to v2.30.7. Users are advised to upgrade. Users who are unable to upgrade should disable `git archive` in untrusted repositories. If you expose git archive via `git daemon`, disable it by running `git config --global daemon.uploadArch false`.
Severity ?
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
< 2.30.7
Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.6 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.5 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.6 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.6 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.6 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.4 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.5 Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.3 Affected: = 2.39.0 |
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CVE-2022-23521 (GCVE-0-2022-23521)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2023-01-17 22:17 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:32
VLAI?
Title
gitattributes parsing integer overflow in git
Summary
Git is distributed revision control system. gitattributes are a mechanism to allow defining attributes for paths. These attributes can be defined by adding a `.gitattributes` file to the repository, which contains a set of file patterns and the attributes that should be set for paths matching this pattern. When parsing gitattributes, multiple integer overflows can occur when there is a huge number of path patterns, a huge number of attributes for a single pattern, or when the declared attribute names are huge. These overflows can be triggered via a crafted `.gitattributes` file that may be part of the commit history. Git silently splits lines longer than 2KB when parsing gitattributes from a file, but not when parsing them from the index. Consequentially, the failure mode depends on whether the file exists in the working tree, the index or both. This integer overflow can result in arbitrary heap reads and writes, which may result in remote code execution. The problem has been patched in the versions published on 2023-01-17, going back to v2.30.7. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this issue.
Severity ?
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
< 2.30.7
Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.6 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.5 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.6 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.6 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.6 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.4 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.5 Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.3 Affected: = 2.39.0 |
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CVE-2022-41953 (GCVE-0-2022-41953)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2023-01-17 21:03 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:22
VLAI?
Title
Git clone remote code execution vulnerability in git-for-windows
Summary
Git GUI is a convenient graphical tool that comes with Git for Windows. Its target audience is users who are uncomfortable with using Git on the command-line. Git GUI has a function to clone repositories. Immediately after the local clone is available, Git GUI will automatically post-process it, among other things running a spell checker called `aspell.exe` if it was found. Git GUI is implemented as a Tcl/Tk script. Due to the unfortunate design of Tcl on Windows, the search path when looking for an executable _always includes the current directory_. Therefore, malicious repositories can ship with an `aspell.exe` in their top-level directory which is executed by Git GUI without giving the user a chance to inspect it first, i.e. running untrusted code. This issue has been addressed in version 2.39.1. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should avoid using Git GUI for cloning. If that is not a viable option, at least avoid cloning from untrusted sources.
Severity ?
8.6 (High)
CWE
- CWE-426 - Untrusted Search Path
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git-for-windows | git |
Affected:
< 2.39.1
|
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CVE-2022-39260 (GCVE-0-2022-39260)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2022-10-19 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 12:00
VLAI?
Title
Git vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Heap overflow in `git shell`
Summary
Git is an open source, scalable, distributed revision control system. `git shell` is a restricted login shell that can be used to implement Git's push/pull functionality via SSH. In versions prior to 2.30.6, 2.31.5, 2.32.4, 2.33.5, 2.34.5, 2.35.5, 2.36.3, and 2.37.4, the function that splits the command arguments into an array improperly uses an `int` to represent the number of entries in the array, allowing a malicious actor to intentionally overflow the return value, leading to arbitrary heap writes. Because the resulting array is then passed to `execv()`, it is possible to leverage this attack to gain remote code execution on a victim machine. Note that a victim must first allow access to `git shell` as a login shell in order to be vulnerable to this attack. This problem is patched in versions 2.30.6, 2.31.5, 2.32.4, 2.33.5, 2.34.5, 2.35.5, 2.36.3, and 2.37.4 and users are advised to upgrade to the latest version. Disabling `git shell` access via remote logins is a viable short-term workaround.
Severity ?
8.5 (High)
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
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},
{
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"vendor-advisory"
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"name": "[debian-lts-announce] 20221213 [SECURITY] [DLA 3239-1] git security update",
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CVE-2022-39253 (GCVE-0-2022-39253)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2022-10-19 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 12:00
VLAI?
Title
Git subject to exposure of sensitive information via local clone of symbolic links
Summary
Git is an open source, scalable, distributed revision control system. Versions prior to 2.30.6, 2.31.5, 2.32.4, 2.33.5, 2.34.5, 2.35.5, 2.36.3, and 2.37.4 are subject to exposure of sensitive information to a malicious actor. When performing a local clone (where the source and target of the clone are on the same volume), Git copies the contents of the source's `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory into the destination by either creating hardlinks to the source contents, or copying them (if hardlinks are disabled via `--no-hardlinks`). A malicious actor could convince a victim to clone a repository with a symbolic link pointing at sensitive information on the victim's machine. This can be done either by having the victim clone a malicious repository on the same machine, or having them clone a malicious repository embedded as a bare repository via a submodule from any source, provided they clone with the `--recurse-submodules` option. Git does not create symbolic links in the `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory. The problem has been patched in the versions published on 2022-10-18, and backported to v2.30.x. Potential workarounds: Avoid cloning untrusted repositories using the `--local` optimization when on a shared machine, either by passing the `--no-local` option to `git clone` or cloning from a URL that uses the `file://` scheme. Alternatively, avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with `--recurse-submodules` or run `git config --global protocol.file.allow user`.
Severity ?
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
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CVE-2022-29187 (GCVE-0-2022-29187)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2022-07-12 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 06:17
VLAI?
Title
Bypass of safe.directory protections in Git
Summary
Git is a distributed revision control system. Git prior to versions 2.37.1, 2.36.2, 2.35.4, 2.34.4, 2.33.4, 2.32.3, 2.31.4, and 2.30.5, is vulnerable to privilege escalation in all platforms. An unsuspecting user could still be affected by the issue reported in CVE-2022-24765, for example when navigating as root into a shared tmp directory that is owned by them, but where an attacker could create a git repository. Versions 2.37.1, 2.36.2, 2.35.4, 2.34.4, 2.33.4, 2.32.3, 2.31.4, and 2.30.5 contain a patch for this issue. The simplest way to avoid being affected by the exploit described in the example is to avoid running git as root (or an Administrator in Windows), and if needed to reduce its use to a minimum. While a generic workaround is not possible, a system could be hardened from the exploit described in the example by removing any such repository if it exists already and creating one as root to block any future attacks.
Severity ?
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
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},
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CVE-2025-48384 (GCVE-0-2025-48384)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-08 18:23 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:11
VLAI?
Title
Git allows arbitrary code execution through broken config quoting
Summary
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and full access to internals. When reading a config value, Git strips any trailing carriage return and line feed (CRLF). When writing a config entry, values with a trailing CR are not quoted, causing the CR to be lost when the config is later read. When initializing a submodule, if the submodule path contains a trailing CR, the altered path is read resulting in the submodule being checked out to an incorrect location. If a symlink exists that points the altered path to the submodule hooks directory, and the submodule contains an executable post-checkout hook, the script may be unintentionally executed after checkout. This vulnerability is fixed in v2.43.7, v2.44.4, v2.45.4, v2.46.4, v2.47.3, v2.48.2, v2.49.1, and v2.50.1.
Severity ?
8.1 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-32465 (GCVE-0-2024-32465)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 19:18 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:12
VLAI?
Title
Git's protections for cloning untrusted repositories can be bypassed
Summary
Git is a revision control system. The Git project recommends to avoid working in untrusted repositories, and instead to clone it first with `git clone --no-local` to obtain a clean copy. Git has specific protections to make that a safe operation even with an untrusted source repository, but vulnerabilities allow those protections to be bypassed. In the context of cloning local repositories owned by other users, this vulnerability has been covered in CVE-2024-32004. But there are circumstances where the fixes for CVE-2024-32004 are not enough: For example, when obtaining a `.zip` file containing a full copy of a Git repository, it should not be trusted by default to be safe, as e.g. hooks could be configured to run within the context of that repository. The problem has been patched in versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4. As a workaround, avoid using Git in repositories that have been obtained via archives from untrusted sources.
Severity ?
7.4 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-32021 (GCVE-0-2024-32021)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 19:15 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:12
VLAI?
Title
Local Git clone may hardlink arbitrary user-readable files into the new repository's "objects/" directory
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4, when cloning a local source repository that contains symlinks via the filesystem, Git may create hardlinks to arbitrary user-readable files on the same filesystem as the target repository in the `objects/` directory. Cloning a local repository over the filesystem may creating hardlinks to arbitrary user-owned files on the same filesystem in the target Git repository's `objects/` directory. When cloning a repository over the filesystem (without explicitly specifying the `file://` protocol or `--no-local`), the optimizations for local cloning
will be used, which include attempting to hard link the object files instead of copying them. While the code includes checks against symbolic links in the source repository, which were added during the fix for CVE-2022-39253, these checks can still be raced because the hard link operation ultimately follows symlinks. If the object on the filesystem appears as a file during the check, and then a symlink during the operation, this will allow the adversary to bypass the check and create hardlinks in the destination objects directory to arbitrary, user-readable files. The problem has been patched in versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-547 - Use of Hard-coded, Security-relevant Constants
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-32020 (GCVE-0-2024-32020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 18:54 – Updated: 2025-02-13 17:52
VLAI?
Title
Cloning local Git repository by untrusted user allows the untrusted user to modify objects in the cloned repository at will
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4, local clones may end up hardlinking files into the target repository's object database when source and target repository reside on the same disk. If the source repository is owned by a different user, then those hardlinked files may be rewritten at any point in time by the untrusted user. Cloning local repositories will cause Git to either copy or hardlink files of the source repository into the target repository. This significantly speeds up such local clones compared to doing a "proper" clone and saves both disk space and compute time. When cloning a repository located on the same disk that is owned by a different user than the current user we also end up creating such hardlinks. These files will continue to be owned and controlled by the potentially-untrusted user and can be rewritten by them at will in the future. The problem has been patched in versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-281 - Improper Preservation of Permissions
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-32004 (GCVE-0-2024-32004)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 18:46 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:12
VLAI?
Title
Git vulnerable to Remote Code Execution while cloning special-crafted local repositories
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4, an attacker can prepare a local repository in such a way that, when cloned, will execute arbitrary code during the operation. The problem has been patched in versions 2.45.1, 2.44.1, 2.43.4, 2.42.2, 2.41.1, 2.40.2, and 2.39.4. As a workaround, avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources.
Severity ?
8.2 (High)
CWE
- CWE-114 - Process Control
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
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CVE-2023-29007 (GCVE-0-2023-29007)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-25 20:09 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:10
VLAI?
Title
Arbitrary configuration injection via `git submodule deinit`
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.30.9, 2.31.8, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, 2.34.8, 2.35.8, 2.36.6, 2.37.7, 2.38.5, 2.39.3, and 2.40.1, a specially crafted `.gitmodules` file with submodule URLs that are longer than 1024 characters can used to exploit a bug in `config.c::git_config_copy_or_rename_section_in_file()`. This bug can be used to inject arbitrary configuration into a user's `$GIT_DIR/config` when attempting to remove the configuration section associated with that submodule. When the attacker injects configuration values which specify executables to run (such as `core.pager`, `core.editor`, `core.sshCommand`, etc.) this can lead to a remote code execution. A fix A fix is available in versions 2.30.9, 2.31.8, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, 2.34.8, 2.35.8, 2.36.6, 2.37.7, 2.38.5, 2.39.3, and 2.40.1. As a workaround, avoid running `git submodule deinit` on untrusted repositories or without prior inspection of any submodule sections in `$GIT_DIR/config`.
Severity ?
CWE
- CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
< 2.30.9
Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.8 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.7 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.8 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.8 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.8 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.6 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.7 Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.5 Affected: >= 2.39.0, < 2.39.3 Affected: >= 2.40.0, < 2.40.1 |
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CVE-2023-25652 (GCVE-0-2023-25652)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-04-25 19:17 – Updated: 2025-11-04 16:09
VLAI?
Title
"git apply --reject" partially-controlled arbitrary file write
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Prior to versions 2.30.9, 2.31.8, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, 2.34.8, 2.35.8, 2.36.6, 2.37.7, 2.38.5, 2.39.3, and 2.40.1, by feeding specially crafted input to `git apply --reject`, a path outside the working tree can be overwritten with partially controlled contents (corresponding to the rejected hunk(s) from the given patch). A fix is available in versions 2.30.9, 2.31.8, 2.32.7, 2.33.8, 2.34.8, 2.35.8, 2.36.6, 2.37.7, 2.38.5, 2.39.3, and 2.40.1. As a workaround, avoid using `git apply` with `--reject` when applying patches from an untrusted source. Use `git apply --stat` to inspect a patch before applying; avoid applying one that create a conflict where a link corresponding to the `*.rej` file exists.
Severity ?
7.5 (High)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
< 2.30.9
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CVE-2023-23946 (GCVE-0-2023-23946)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-14 19:48 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:44
VLAI?
Title
Git's `git apply` overwriting paths outside the working tree
Summary
Git, a revision control system, is vulnerable to path traversal prior to versions 2.39.2, 2.38.4, 2.37.6, 2.36.5, 2.35.7, 2.34.7, 2.33.7, 2.32.6, 2.31.7, and 2.30.8. By feeding a crafted input to `git apply`, a path outside the working tree can be overwritten as the user who is running `git apply`. A fix has been prepared and will appear in v2.39.2, v2.38.4, v2.37.6, v2.36.5, v2.35.7, v2.34.7, v2.33.7, v2.32.6, v2.31.7, and v2.30.8. As a workaround, use `git apply --stat` to inspect a patch before applying; avoid applying one that creates a symbolic link and then creates a file beyond the symbolic link.
Severity ?
6.2 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
>= 2.39.0, < 2.39.2
Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.4 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.6 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.5 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.7 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.7 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.7 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.6 Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.7 Affected: < 2.30.8 |
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CVE-2023-22490 (GCVE-0-2023-22490)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-14 19:47 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:43
VLAI?
Title
Git vulnerable to local clone-based data exfiltration with non-local transports
Summary
Git is a revision control system. Using a specially-crafted repository, Git prior to versions 2.39.2, 2.38.4, 2.37.6, 2.36.5, 2.35.7, 2.34.7, 2.33.7, 2.32.6, 2.31.7, and 2.30.8 can be tricked into using its local clone optimization even when using a non-local transport. Though Git will abort local clones whose source `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory contains symbolic links, the `objects` directory itself may still be a symbolic link. These two may be combined to include arbitrary files based on known paths on the victim's filesystem within the malicious repository's working copy, allowing for data exfiltration in a similar manner as CVE-2022-39253.
A fix has been prepared and will appear in v2.39.2 v2.38.4 v2.37.6 v2.36.5 v2.35.7 v2.34.7 v2.33.7 v2.32.6, v2.31.7 and v2.30.8. If upgrading is impractical, two short-term workarounds are available. Avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with `--recurse-submodules`. Instead, consider cloning repositories without recursively cloning their submodules, and instead run `git submodule update` at each layer. Before doing so, inspect each new `.gitmodules` file to ensure that it does not contain suspicious module URLs.
Severity ?
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
>= 2.39.0, < 2.39.2
Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.4 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.6 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.5 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.7 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.7 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.7 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.6 Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.7 Affected: < 2.30.8 |
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CVE-2022-23521 (GCVE-0-2022-23521)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-17 22:17 – Updated: 2025-02-13 16:32
VLAI?
Title
gitattributes parsing integer overflow in git
Summary
Git is distributed revision control system. gitattributes are a mechanism to allow defining attributes for paths. These attributes can be defined by adding a `.gitattributes` file to the repository, which contains a set of file patterns and the attributes that should be set for paths matching this pattern. When parsing gitattributes, multiple integer overflows can occur when there is a huge number of path patterns, a huge number of attributes for a single pattern, or when the declared attribute names are huge. These overflows can be triggered via a crafted `.gitattributes` file that may be part of the commit history. Git silently splits lines longer than 2KB when parsing gitattributes from a file, but not when parsing them from the index. Consequentially, the failure mode depends on whether the file exists in the working tree, the index or both. This integer overflow can result in arbitrary heap reads and writes, which may result in remote code execution. The problem has been patched in the versions published on 2023-01-17, going back to v2.30.7. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this issue.
Severity ?
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
< 2.30.7
Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.6 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.5 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.6 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.6 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.6 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.4 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.5 Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.3 Affected: = 2.39.0 |
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CVE-2022-41903 (GCVE-0-2022-41903)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-17 22:17 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:21
VLAI?
Title
Integer overflow in `git archive`, `git log --format` leading to RCE in git
Summary
Git is distributed revision control system. `git log` can display commits in an arbitrary format using its `--format` specifiers. This functionality is also exposed to `git archive` via the `export-subst` gitattribute. When processing the padding operators, there is a integer overflow in `pretty.c::format_and_pad_commit()` where a `size_t` is stored improperly as an `int`, and then added as an offset to a `memcpy()`. This overflow can be triggered directly by a user running a command which invokes the commit formatting machinery (e.g., `git log --format=...`). It may also be triggered indirectly through git archive via the export-subst mechanism, which expands format specifiers inside of files within the repository during a git archive. This integer overflow can result in arbitrary heap writes, which may result in arbitrary code execution. The problem has been patched in the versions published on 2023-01-17, going back to v2.30.7. Users are advised to upgrade. Users who are unable to upgrade should disable `git archive` in untrusted repositories. If you expose git archive via `git daemon`, disable it by running `git config --global daemon.uploadArch false`.
Severity ?
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git | git |
Affected:
< 2.30.7
Affected: >= 2.31.0, < 2.31.6 Affected: >= 2.32.0, < 2.32.5 Affected: >= 2.33.0, < 2.33.6 Affected: >= 2.34.0, < 2.34.6 Affected: >= 2.35.0, < 2.35.6 Affected: >= 2.36.0, < 2.36.4 Affected: >= 2.37.0, < 2.37.5 Affected: >= 2.38.0, < 2.38.3 Affected: = 2.39.0 |
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CVE-2022-41953 (GCVE-0-2022-41953)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-17 21:03 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:22
VLAI?
Title
Git clone remote code execution vulnerability in git-for-windows
Summary
Git GUI is a convenient graphical tool that comes with Git for Windows. Its target audience is users who are uncomfortable with using Git on the command-line. Git GUI has a function to clone repositories. Immediately after the local clone is available, Git GUI will automatically post-process it, among other things running a spell checker called `aspell.exe` if it was found. Git GUI is implemented as a Tcl/Tk script. Due to the unfortunate design of Tcl on Windows, the search path when looking for an executable _always includes the current directory_. Therefore, malicious repositories can ship with an `aspell.exe` in their top-level directory which is executed by Git GUI without giving the user a chance to inspect it first, i.e. running untrusted code. This issue has been addressed in version 2.39.1. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should avoid using Git GUI for cloning. If that is not a viable option, at least avoid cloning from untrusted sources.
Severity ?
8.6 (High)
CWE
- CWE-426 - Untrusted Search Path
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| git-for-windows | git |
Affected:
< 2.39.1
|
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CVE-2022-39253 (GCVE-0-2022-39253)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-10-19 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 12:00
VLAI?
Title
Git subject to exposure of sensitive information via local clone of symbolic links
Summary
Git is an open source, scalable, distributed revision control system. Versions prior to 2.30.6, 2.31.5, 2.32.4, 2.33.5, 2.34.5, 2.35.5, 2.36.3, and 2.37.4 are subject to exposure of sensitive information to a malicious actor. When performing a local clone (where the source and target of the clone are on the same volume), Git copies the contents of the source's `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory into the destination by either creating hardlinks to the source contents, or copying them (if hardlinks are disabled via `--no-hardlinks`). A malicious actor could convince a victim to clone a repository with a symbolic link pointing at sensitive information on the victim's machine. This can be done either by having the victim clone a malicious repository on the same machine, or having them clone a malicious repository embedded as a bare repository via a submodule from any source, provided they clone with the `--recurse-submodules` option. Git does not create symbolic links in the `$GIT_DIR/objects` directory. The problem has been patched in the versions published on 2022-10-18, and backported to v2.30.x. Potential workarounds: Avoid cloning untrusted repositories using the `--local` optimization when on a shared machine, either by passing the `--no-local` option to `git clone` or cloning from a URL that uses the `file://` scheme. Alternatively, avoid cloning repositories from untrusted sources with `--recurse-submodules` or run `git config --global protocol.file.allow user`.
Severity ?
5.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Impacted products
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"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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CVE-2022-39260 (GCVE-0-2022-39260)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-10-19 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 12:00
VLAI?
Title
Git vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Heap overflow in `git shell`
Summary
Git is an open source, scalable, distributed revision control system. `git shell` is a restricted login shell that can be used to implement Git's push/pull functionality via SSH. In versions prior to 2.30.6, 2.31.5, 2.32.4, 2.33.5, 2.34.5, 2.35.5, 2.36.3, and 2.37.4, the function that splits the command arguments into an array improperly uses an `int` to represent the number of entries in the array, allowing a malicious actor to intentionally overflow the return value, leading to arbitrary heap writes. Because the resulting array is then passed to `execv()`, it is possible to leverage this attack to gain remote code execution on a victim machine. Note that a victim must first allow access to `git shell` as a login shell in order to be vulnerable to this attack. This problem is patched in versions 2.30.6, 2.31.5, 2.32.4, 2.33.5, 2.34.5, 2.35.5, 2.36.3, and 2.37.4 and users are advised to upgrade to the latest version. Disabling `git shell` access via remote logins is a viable short-term workaround.
Severity ?
8.5 (High)
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
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{
"name": "20221107 APPLE-SA-2022-11-01-1 Xcode 14.1",
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},
{
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{
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"version": "\u003e 2.34.0, \u003c 2.34.5"
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"version": "\u003e 2.35.0, \u003c 2.36.3"
},
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}
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"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
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CVE-2022-29187 (GCVE-0-2022-29187)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-07-12 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 06:17
VLAI?
Title
Bypass of safe.directory protections in Git
Summary
Git is a distributed revision control system. Git prior to versions 2.37.1, 2.36.2, 2.35.4, 2.34.4, 2.33.4, 2.32.3, 2.31.4, and 2.30.5, is vulnerable to privilege escalation in all platforms. An unsuspecting user could still be affected by the issue reported in CVE-2022-24765, for example when navigating as root into a shared tmp directory that is owned by them, but where an attacker could create a git repository. Versions 2.37.1, 2.36.2, 2.35.4, 2.34.4, 2.33.4, 2.32.3, 2.31.4, and 2.30.5 contain a patch for this issue. The simplest way to avoid being affected by the exploit described in the example is to avoid running git as root (or an Administrator in Windows), and if needed to reduce its use to a minimum. While a generic workaround is not possible, a system could be hardened from the exploit described in the example by removing any such repository if it exists already and creating one as root to block any future attacks.
Severity ?
7.8 (High)
Assigner
References
| URL | Tags | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impacted products
{
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{
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},
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://github.blog/2022-04-12-git-security-vulnerability-announced"
},
{
"tags": [
"x_transferred"
],
"url": "https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqv8s2fefi.fsf%40gitster.g/T/#u"
},
{
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"x_transferred"
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