CVE-2026-98538 — writeback: bound cleanup_offline_cgwb() rescans by rotating scanned inodes

Affected: Linux

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

writeback: bound cleanup_offline_cgwb() rescans by rotating scanned inodes

cleanup_offline_cgwb() prepares at most WB_MAX_INODES_PER_ISW inodes per call and is called again until the dying wb is drained, but every call walks wb->b_attached and then wb->b_dirty_time from the same end. Inodes already prepared (they stay on the list with I_WB_SWITCH set until the switch worker runs) and inodes that cannot be switched (I_FREEING, I_WILL_FREE, !SB_ACTIVE, DAX, already on the target wb) stay where they are, so each pass rescans a growing run of them under wb->list_lock and a full drain is quadratic in the number of inodes on the list. With ~17M inodes attached to one dying cgwb we saw this end in soft lockups, with CPUs reported stuck for 21-48s.

Walk both lists from the oldest end and move every scanned inode to the newest end, so the next pass starts where the previous one stopped and the drain becomes linear. b_attached is unordered, so nobody sees the reorder there. b_dirty_time is ordered by dirtied_when, but the oldest unscanned inode stays at the end move_expired_inodes() picks from, sync takes the whole list regardless of order, and prepared inodes leave the list as soon as the switch work runs and get a new dirtied_time_when on the new wb anyway, so the only inodes left out of order are the ones that can never switch (DAX), and only on the dying wb.

USN-8959-1 — linux, linux-aws, linux-gcp, linux-hwe-7.0, linux-ibm, linux-oracle vulnerabilities

Affected: Ubuntu:24.04:LTS: linux-hwe-7.0, Ubuntu:26.04:LTS: linux, Ubuntu:26.04:LTS: linux-aws, Ubuntu:26.04:LTS: linux-gcp, Ubuntu:26.04:LTS: linux-ibm, Ubuntu:26.04:LTS: linux-oracle

Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems: - USB Gadget drivers; - Memory management; - Multiple devices driver; - ARM64 architecture; - EROFS file system; - Networking core; - eXpress Data Path; - ARM32 architecture; - M68K architecture; - MIPS architecture; - OpenRISC architecture; - PA-RISC architecture; - PowerPC architecture; - RISC-V architecture; - S390 architecture; - User-Mode Linux (UML); - x86 architecture; - Block layer subsystem; - Cryptographic API; - Compute Acceleration Framework; - Intel NPU Driver; - Speakup Console Speech Driver; - ACPI drivers; - Serial ATA and Parallel ATA drivers; - Auxiliary display drivers; - Drivers core; - Micron PCIe SSD driver; - Null block device driver; - Ublk userspace block driver; - Compressed RAM block device driver; - Bluetooth drivers; - Bus devices; - AMD CDX bus driver; - Hardware random number generator core; - Character device driver; - TPM device driver; - Clock framework and drivers; - Clocksource drivers; - CPU frequency scaling framework; - CPU idle management framework; - Hardware crypto device drivers; - CXL (Compute Express Link) drivers; - DAX dirext access to differentiated memory framework; - DIBS (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) drivers; - Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework;…

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CVE-2026-98538 — writeback: bound cleanup_offline_cgwb() rescans by rotating scanned inodes

USN-8959-1 — linux, linux-aws, linux-gcp, linux-hwe-7.0, linux-ibm, linux-oracle vulnerabilities