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    <item>
      <title>GHSA-62hf-57xw-28j9 — Axios: unbounded recursion in toFormData causes DoS via deeply nested request data</title>
      <link>https://db.gcve.eu/vuln/ghsa-62hf-57xw-28j9</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; npm: axios&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Summary
toFormData recursively walks nested objects with no depth limit, so a deeply nested value passed as request data crashes the Node.js process with a RangeError.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Details
lib/helpers/toFormData.js:210 defines an inner `build(value, path)` that recurses into every object/array child (line 225: `build(el, path ? path.concat(key) : [key])`). The only safeguard is a `stack` array used to detect circular references; there is no maximum depth and no try/catch around the recursion. Because `build` calls itself once per nesting level, a payload nested roughly 2000+ levels deep exhausts V8&amp;#39;s call stack.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;`toFormData` is the serializer behind `FormData` request bodies and `AxiosURLSearchParams` (used by `buildURL` when `params` is an object with `URLSearchParams` unavailable, see `lib/helpers/buildURL.js:53` and `lib/helpers/AxiosURLSearchParams.js:36`). Any server-side code that forwards a client-supplied object into `axios({ data, params })` therefore reaches the recursive walker with attacker-controlled depth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The RangeError is thrown synchronously from inside `forEach`, escapes `toFormData`, and propagates out of the axios request call. In typical Express/Fastify request handlers this terminates the running request; in synchronous startup paths or worker threads it can crash the whole process.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### PoC
```js
import toFormData from &amp;#39;axios/lib/helpers/toFormData.js&amp;#39;;
import FormData from &amp;#39;form-data&amp;#39;;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;function nest(depth) {
  let o = { leaf: 1 };
  for (let i = 0; i &amp;lt;…&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; npm: axios&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Summary
toFormData recursively walks nested objects with no depth limit, so a deeply nested value passed as request data crashes the Node.js process with a RangeError.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### Details
lib/helpers/toFormData.js:210 defines an inner `build(value, path)` that recurses into every object/array child (line 225: `build(el, path ? path.concat(key) : [key])`). The only safeguard is a `stack` array used to detect circular references; there is no maximum depth and no try/catch around the recursion. Because `build` calls itself once per nesting level, a payload nested roughly 2000+ levels deep exhausts V8&amp;#39;s call stack.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;`toFormData` is the serializer behind `FormData` request bodies and `AxiosURLSearchParams` (used by `buildURL` when `params` is an object with `URLSearchParams` unavailable, see `lib/helpers/buildURL.js:53` and `lib/helpers/AxiosURLSearchParams.js:36`). Any server-side code that forwards a client-supplied object into `axios({ data, params })` therefore reaches the recursive walker with attacker-controlled depth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The RangeError is thrown synchronously from inside `forEach`, escapes `toFormData`, and propagates out of the axios request call. In typical Express/Fastify request handlers this terminates the running request; in synchronous startup paths or worker threads it can crash the whole process.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;### PoC
```js
import toFormData from &amp;#39;axios/lib/helpers/toFormData.js&amp;#39;;
import FormData from &amp;#39;form-data&amp;#39;;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;function nest(depth) {
  let o = { leaf: 1 };
  for (let i = 0; i &amp;lt;…&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
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