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  <updated>2026-10-02T17:51:24.191998+00:00</updated>
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    <id>https://db.gcve.eu/vuln/ghsa-f886-m6hf-6m8v</id>
    <title>GHSA-f886-m6hf-6m8v — brace-expansion: Zero-step sequence causes process hang and memory exhaustion</title>
    <updated>2026-10-02T17:51:24.206248+00:00</updated>
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      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p><strong>Affected:</strong> npm: brace-expansion</p>
<p>### Impact</p>
<p>A brace pattern with a zero step value (e.g., `{1..2..0}`) causes the sequence generation loop to run indefinitely, making the process hang for seconds and allocate heaps of memory.</p>
<p>The loop in question:</p>
<p>https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/blob/daa71bcb4a30a2df9bcb7f7b8daaf2ab30e5794a/src/index.ts#L184</p>
<p>`test()` is one of</p>
<p>https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/blob/daa71bcb4a30a2df9bcb7f7b8daaf2ab30e5794a/src/index.ts#L107-L113</p>
<p>The increment is computed as `Math.abs(0) = 0`, so the loop variable never advances. On a test machine, the process hangs for about 3.5 seconds and allocates roughly 1.9 GB of memory before throwing a `RangeError`. Setting max to any value has no effect because the limit is only checked at the output combination step, not during sequence generation.</p>
<p>This affects any application that passes untrusted strings to expand(), or by error sets a step value of `0`. That includes tools built on minimatch/glob that resolve patterns from CLI arguments or config files. The input needed is just 10 bytes.</p>
<p>### Patches</p>
<p>Upgrade to versions
- 5.0.5+</p>
<p>A step increment of 0 is now sanitized to 1, which matches bash behavior.</p>
<p>### Workarounds</p>
<p>Sanitize strings passed to `expand()` to ensure a step value of `0` is not used.</p></div>
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