{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2023-4785", "assignerOrgId": "14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Google", "dateReserved": "2023-09-06T04:50:57.530Z", "datePublished": "2023-09-13T16:31:55.664Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-12T15:34:12.725Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "platforms": ["Posix-compatible platforms"], "product": "gRPC", "repo": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc", "vendor": "Google", "versions": [{"lessThan": "1.23", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0", "versionType": "custom"}, {"status": "unaffected", "version": "1.57"}, {"changes": [{"at": "1.56.2", "status": "unaffected"}], "lessThanOrEqual": "1.56.1", "status": "affected", "version": "1.56.0", "versionType": "custom"}, {"changes": [{"at": "1.55.3", "status": "unaffected"}], "lessThanOrEqual": "1.55.2", "status": "affected", "version": "1.55.0", "versionType": "custom"}, {"changes": [{"at": "1.54.3", "status": "unaffected"}], "lessThanOrEqual": "1.54.2", "status": "affected", "version": "1.54.0", "versionType": "custom"}, {"changes": [{"at": "1.53.2", "status": "unaffected"}], "lessThanOrEqual": "1.53.1", "status": "affected", "version": "1.53.0", "versionType": "custom"}]}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "Lack of error handling in the TCP server in Google's gRPC starting version 1.23 on posix-compatible platforms (ex. Linux) allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by initiating a significant number of connections with the server. Note that gRPC C++ Python, and Ruby are affected, but gRPC Java, and Go are NOT affected. "}], "value": "Lack of error handling in the TCP server in Google's gRPC starting version 1.23 on posix-compatible platforms (ex. Linux) allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by initiating a significant number of connections with the server. Note that gRPC C++ Python, and Ruby are affected, but gRPC Java, and Go are NOT affected."}], "impacts": [{"capecId": "CAPEC-125", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CAPEC-125 Flooding"}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.5, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-248", "description": "CWE-248", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778", "shortName": "Google", "dateUpdated": "2026-01-12T15:34:12.725Z"}, "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33656"}, {"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33667"}, {"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33669"}, {"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33670"}, {"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33672"}], "source": {"discovery": "UNKNOWN"}, "title": "Denial of Service in gRPC Core", "x_generator": {"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"}, "x_gcve": [{"vulnId": "CVE-2023-4785", "recordType": "advisory"}]}, "adp": [{"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-02T07:38:00.495Z"}, "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33656", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33667", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33669", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33670", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33672", "tags": ["x_transferred"]}]}, {"affected": [{"vendor": "grpc", "product": "grpc", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unknown", "versions": [{"version": "0", "status": "affected", "lessThan": "1.23", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "1.57", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "1.56.0", "status": "affected", "lessThanOrEqual": "1.56.1", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "1.55.0", "status": "affected", "lessThanOrEqual": "155.2", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "1.54.0", "status": "affected", "lessThanOrEqual": "1.54.2", "versionType": "custom"}, {"version": "1.53.0", "status": "affected", "lessThanOrEqual": "1.53.1", "versionType": "custom"}]}], "metrics": [{"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"timestamp": "2024-09-25T18:02:01.004344Z", "id": "CVE-2023-4785", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "partial"}], "role": "CISA Coordinator", "version": "2.0.3"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2024-09-25T18:05:52.337Z"}}]}, "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {"epss": {"cve": "CVE-2023-4785", "date": "2026-10-19", "epss": "0.00773", "percentile": "0.54937"}, "microsoft_vex": {"current_release_date": "2026-02-18T03:13:21.000Z", "cve": "CVE-2023-4785", "id": "msrc_CVE-2023-4785", "initial_release_date": "2023-09-01T00:00:00.000Z", "product_status:fixed": "2", "product_status:known_affected": "2", "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX", "status": "final", "title": "Denial of Service in gRPC Core ", "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2023/msrc_cve-2023-4785.json", "version": "2"}, "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2023-4785\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"published\":\"2023-09-13T17:15:10.227\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-06-17T06:38:35.567\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"Lack of error handling in the TCP server in Google's gRPC starting version 1.23 on posix-compatible platforms (ex. Linux) allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by initiating a significant number of connections with the server. Note that gRPC C++ Python, and Ruby are affected, but gRPC Java, and Go are NOT affected.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"La falta de manejo de errores en el servidor TCP en gRPC de Google a partir de la versi\u00f3n 1.23 en plataformas compatibles con posix (por ejemplo, Linux) permite a un atacante provocar una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio al iniciar una cantidad significativa de conexiones con el servidor. Tenga en cuenta que gRPC C++ Python y Ruby se ven afectados, pero gRPC Java y Go NO se ven afectados.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Google\",\"product\":\"gRPC\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"platforms\":[\"Posix-compatible platforms\"],\"repo\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"1.23\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"1.57\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"1.56.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"1.56.1\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\",\"changes\":[{\"at\":\"1.56.2\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]},{\"version\":\"1.55.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"1.55.2\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\",\"changes\":[{\"at\":\"1.55.3\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]},{\"version\":\"1.54.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"1.54.2\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\",\"changes\":[{\"at\":\"1.54.3\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]},{\"version\":\"1.53.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"1.53.1\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\",\"changes\":[{\"at\":\"1.53.2\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}]},{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"grpc\",\"product\":\"grpc\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"cpes\":[\"cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"],\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"1.23\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1.57\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1.56.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"1.56.1\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1.55.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"155.2\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1.54.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"1.54.2\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1.53.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"1.53.1\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":3.6}],\"ssvcV203\":[{\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"ssvcData\":{\"timestamp\":\"2024-09-25T18:02:01.004344Z\",\"id\":\"CVE-2023-4785\",\"options\":[{\"exploitation\":\"none\"},{\"automatable\":\"yes\"},{\"technicalImpact\":\"partial\"}],\"role\":\"CISA Coordinator\",\"version\":\"2.0.3\"}}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-248\"}]},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-noinfo\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:-:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"1.23.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"1.53.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"988AD4A4-5F77-4474-B06B-7677D748F1AC\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:-:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"1.54.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"1.54.3\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"1A6B7840-8878-4F83-977A-1AF53E103F51\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:-:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"1.55.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"1.55.3\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"75EDD526-0BB3-43B4-9158-B3D9593E7368\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:1.56.0:*:*:*:*:-:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"DB59E93E-4F0B-49D7-AD20-AC7B3A151195\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33656\",\"source\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\",\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33667\",\"source\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33669\",\"source\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33670\",\"source\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33672\",\"source\":\"cve-coordination@google.com\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33656\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\",\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33667\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33669\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33670\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]},{\"url\":\"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33672\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Issue Tracking\"]}]}}", "redhat_vex": {"aggregate_severity": "Moderate", "current_release_date": "2026-07-03T01:50:35+00:00", "cve": "CVE-2023-4785", "id": "CVE-2023-4785", "initial_release_date": "2023-09-14T00:00:00+00:00", "product_status:fixed": "2", "product_status:known_not_affected": "85", "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX", "status": "final", "title": "gRPC: file descriptor exhaustion leads to denial of service", "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2023/cve-2023-4785.json", "version": "3"}, "vulnrichment": {"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33656\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33667\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33669\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33670\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33672\", \"tags\": [\"x_transferred\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-08-02T07:38:00.495Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2023-4785\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2024-09-25T18:02:01.004344Z\"}}}], \"affected\": [{\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:a:grpc:grpc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"vendor\": \"grpc\", \"product\": \"grpc\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"1.23\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.57\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.56.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.56.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.55.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"155.2\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.54.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.54.2\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"1.53.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.53.1\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2024-09-25T18:04:26.086Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Denial of Service in gRPC Core\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"UNKNOWN\"}, \"impacts\": [{\"capecId\": \"CAPEC-125\", \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CAPEC-125 Flooding\"}]}], \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.5, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"repo\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc\", \"vendor\": \"Google\", \"product\": \"gRPC\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"1.23\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}, {\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"1.57\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"changes\": [{\"at\": \"1.56.2\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}], \"version\": \"1.56.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.56.1\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"changes\": [{\"at\": \"1.55.3\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}], \"version\": \"1.55.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.55.2\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"changes\": [{\"at\": \"1.54.3\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}], \"version\": \"1.54.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.54.2\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"changes\": [{\"at\": \"1.53.2\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}], \"version\": \"1.53.0\", \"versionType\": \"custom\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"1.53.1\"}], \"platforms\": [\"Posix-compatible platforms\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33656\"}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33667\"}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33669\"}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33670\"}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/33672\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Lack of error handling in the TCP server in Google's gRPC starting version 1.23 on posix-compatible platforms (ex. Linux) allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by initiating a significant number of connections with the server. Note that gRPC C++ Python, and Ruby are affected, but gRPC Java, and Go are NOT affected.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"Lack of error handling in the TCP server in Google's gRPC starting version 1.23 on posix-compatible platforms (ex. Linux) allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by initiating a significant number of connections with the server. Note that gRPC C++ Python, and Ruby are affected, but gRPC Java, and Go are NOT affected. \", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-248\", \"description\": \"CWE-248\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778\", \"shortName\": \"Google\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-01-12T15:34:12.725Z\"}}}", "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2023-4785\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-01-12T15:34:12.725Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2023-09-06T04:50:57.530Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"14ed7db2-1595-443d-9d34-6215bf890778\", \"datePublished\": \"2023-09-13T16:31:55.664Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"Google\"}", "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2"}}}